Counties of the United Kingdom

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The United Kingdom has 92 counties or shires. The British counties are the oldest extant national divisions in the world.

Where a distinction has to be made with statutory "counties" so called for administrative purposes, the counties are variously known as historic counties, traditional counties or ancient or geographical counties[1].

The counties have no administrative function, existing as geographical and cultural areas. Most of the counties have an existence stretching back to the Middle Ages and almost all of the English counties have been established for over a thousand years. Even the relatively young Highland shires, only 450 years old as such, have a much older existence as geographical and cultural areas.

In this time many activities many activities and much social understanding and local identity has grown up intertwined with the counties, and so they have become a vital part of British and Irish culture.

Until the late twentieth century, administrative functions were carried out by bodies using the counties' boundaries or approximations to them, and so centuries of public records have been organised county by county, for which reason an understanding of the counties is vital for genealogical and historic research.

List of the counties

The following table lists each county, along with its proper name, area (in square miles), population, population density (in persons/square mile) and a selection of its principal towns. County towns are listed first and cities are shown in bold.

Name County of Area Population Density Principal towns in the county
Aberdeenshire Aberdeen {{#formatnum: 1950|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 380495|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 195.12564102564|2,|.|,}} Aberdeen, Ellon, Fraserburgh, Huntly, Inverurie, Peterhead, Turriff
Anglesey Anglesey {{#formatnum: 277|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 69751|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 251.80866425993|2,|.|,}} Beaumaris, Amlwch, Holyhead, Llangefni, Menai Bridge
Angus Forfar {{#formatnum: 899|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 264044|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 293.7085650723|2,|.|,}} Forfar, Dundee, Arbroath, Brechin, Carnoustie, Kirriemuir, Montrose
Antrim Antrim {{#formatnum: 1175|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 615701|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 524.00085106383|2,|.|,}} Belfast, Antrim, Ballymena, Ballymoney, Carnlough, Larne, Portrush
Argyllshire Argyll {{#formatnum: 3110|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 64819|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 20.842122186495|2,|.|,}} Lochgilphead, Campbeltown, Dunoon, Inverary, Oban, Tobermory
Armagh Armagh {{#formatnum: 512|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 178598|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 348.82421875|2,|.|,}} Armagh, Newry
Ayrshire Ayr {{#formatnum: 1129|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 367676|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 325.66519043401|2,|.|,}} Ayr, Cumnock, Irvine, Kilmarnock, Kilwinning, Largs, Saltcoats, Troon
Banffshire Banff {{#formatnum: 641|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 46537|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 72.600624024961|2,|.|,}} Banff, Buckie, Dufftown, Keith, Macduff, Portsoy
Bedfordshire Bedford {{#formatnum: 468|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 602847|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1288.1346153846|2,|.|,}} Bedford, Biggleswade, Dunstable, Leighton Buzzard, Luton, Sandy
Berkshire Berks {{#formatnum: 722|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 842804|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1167.3185595568|2,|.|,}} Reading, Abingdon, Bracknell, Maidenhead, Newbury, Windsor, Wokingham
Berwickshire Berwick {{#formatnum: 457|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 26458|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 57.894967177243|2,|.|,}} Greenlaw, Coldstream, Duns, Eyemouth, Lauder
Brecknockshire Brecon {{#formatnum: 742|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 67598|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 91.102425876011|2,|.|,}} Brecon, Builth Wells, Hay-on-Wye, Llanwrtyd Wells, Talgarth
Buckinghamshire Buckingham {{#formatnum: 746|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 916903|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1229.0924932976|2,|.|,}} Aylesbury, Buckingham, High Wycombe, Milton Keynes, Slough
Buteshire Bute {{#formatnum: 225|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 12534|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 55.706666666667|2,|.|,}} Rothesay, Brodick, Lochranza, Millport
Caernarfonshire Caernarfon {{#formatnum: 563|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 139065|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 247.00710479574|2,|.|,}} Caernarfon, Bangor, Conwy, Llandudno, Porthmadog, Pwllheli
Caithness Caithness {{#formatnum: 618|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 26486|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 42.857605177994|2,|.|,}} Wick, Castletown, Halkirk, Thurso
Cambridgeshire Cambridge {{#formatnum: 858|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 460448|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 536.65268065268|2,|.|,}} Cambridge, Ely, Chatteris, March, Whittlesey, Wisbech
Cardiganshire Cardigan {{#formatnum: 693|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 75784|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 109.35642135642|2,|.|,}} Cardigan, Aberystwyth, Lampeter, New Quay, Tregaron
Carmarthenshire Carmarthen {{#formatnum: 937|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 184232|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 196.61899679829|2,|.|,}} Carmarthen, Ammanford, Kidwelly, Llandovery, Llanelli, St Clears
Cheshire Chester {{#formatnum: 1035|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1668894|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1612.4579710145|2,|.|,}} Chester, Birkenhead, Crewe, Macclesfield, Runcorn, Stockport, Wallasey
Clackmannanshire Clackmannan {{#formatnum: 48|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 50957|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1061.6041666667|2,|.|,}} Clackmannan, Alloa, Dollar, Tillicoultry, Tullibody
Cornwall Cornwall {{#formatnum: 1365|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 533594|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 390.91135531136|2,|.|,}} Bodmin, Truro, Camborne, Falmouth, Newquay, Penzance, Redruth, St Austell
Cromartyshire Cromarty {{#formatnum: 370|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 7074|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 19.118918918919|2,|.|,}} Cromarty, Ullapool
Cumberland Cumberland {{#formatnum: 1525|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 306241|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 200.8137704918|2,|.|,}} Carlisle, Brampton, Keswick, Penrith, Whitehaven, Workington
Denbighshire Denbigh {{#formatnum: 668|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 277680|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 415.68862275449|2,|.|,}} Ruthin, Abergele, Denbigh, Llangollen, Wrexham
Derbyshire Derby {{#formatnum: 1017|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1148373|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1129.1769911504|2,|.|,}} Derby, Ashbourne, Buxton, Chesterfield, Ilkeston, Matlock, Swadlincote
Devon Devon {{#formatnum: 2621|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1133463|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 432.45440671499|2,|.|,}} Exeter, Plymouth, Barnstaple, Newton Abbot, Paignton, Tavistock, Tiverton, Torquay
Dorset Dorset {{#formatnum: 1005|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 543296|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 540.59303482587|2,|.|,}} Dorchester, Poole, Shaftesbury, Sherborne, Weymouth, Wimborne Minster
Down Down {{#formatnum: 950|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 528983|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 556.82421052632|2,|.|,}} Downpatrick, Bangor, Holywood, Newcastle, Strangford
Dumfriesshire Dumfries {{#formatnum: 1063|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 77160|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 72.587017873942|2,|.|,}} Dumfries, Annan, Gretna, Langholm, Lockerbie, Moffat, Sanquhar
Dunbartonshire Dunbarton {{#formatnum: 241|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 262419|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1088.8755186722|2,|.|,}} Dumbarton, Alexandria, Clydebank, Cumbernauld, Helensburgh, Kirkintilloch
Durham Durham {{#formatnum: 1022|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1467037|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1435.4569471624|2,|.|,}} Durham, Gateshead, Darlington, Hartlepool, Stockton-on-Tees, Sunderland, Washington
East Lothian Haddington {{#formatnum: 267|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 74882|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 280.45692883895|2,|.|,}} Haddington, Dunbar, East Linton, North Berwick, Tranent
Essex Essex {{#formatnum: 1591|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 2999248|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1885.1338780641|2,|.|,}} Chelmsford, Basildon, Brentwood, Colchester, Harlow, Romford, Southend-on-Sea, Stratford
Fermanagh Fermanagh {{#formatnum: 715|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 61170|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 85.552447552448|2,|.|,}} Enniskillen, Belleek, Irvinestown
Fife Fife {{#formatnum: 504|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 365493|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 725.18452380952|2,|.|,}} Cupar, Dunfermline, Burntisland, Cowdenbeath, Glenrothes, Kirkcaldy, St Andrews
Flintshire Flint {{#formatnum: 260|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 215390|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 828.42307692308|2,|.|,}} Mold, Connah's Quay, Buckley, Flint, Holywell, Prestatyn, Rhyl, St Asaph
Glamorgan Glamorgan {{#formatnum: 827|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1321460|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1597.8960096735|2,|.|,}} Cardiff, Swansea, Barry, Bridgend, Caerphilly, Merthyr Tydfil, Neath, Pontypridd
Gloucestershire Gloucester {{#formatnum: 1293|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1147106|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 887.16627996906|2,|.|,}} Gloucester, Bristol, Cheltenham, Cirencester, Stroud, Tewkesbury
Hampshire Southampton {{#formatnum: 1656|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 2099640|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1267.8985507246|2,|.|,}} Winchester, Portsmouth, Southampton, Basingstoke, Bournemouth, Newport
Herefordshire Hereford {{#formatnum: 837|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 183631|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 219.39187574671|2,|.|,}} Hereford, Bromyard, Kington, Ledbury, Leominster, Ross-on-Wye
Hertfordshire Hertford {{#formatnum: 633|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1157166|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1828.0663507109|2,|.|,}} Hertford, St Albans, Hatfield, Hemel Hempstead, Stevenage, Watford
Huntingdonshire Huntingdon {{#formatnum: 366|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 211776|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 578.62295081967|2,|.|,}} Huntingdon, Ramsey, Godmanchester, St Ives, St Neots, Yaxley
Inverness-shire Inverness {{#formatnum: 4211|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 118077|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 28.040132985039|2,|.|,}} Inverness, Fort William, Kingussie, Newtonmore, Portree
Kent Kent {{#formatnum: 1611|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 2747715|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1705.5959031657|2,|.|,}} Maidstone, Canterbury, Bromley, Dover, Folkestone, Greenwich, Rochester
Kincardineshire Kincardine {{#formatnum: 380|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 77670|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 204.39473684211|2,|.|,}} Stonehaven, Banchory, Inverbervie, Laurencekirk
Kinross-shire Kinross {{#formatnum: 73|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 11223|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 153.7397260274|2,|.|,}} Kinross, Milnathort
Kirkcudbrightshire Kirkcudbright {{#formatnum: 899|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 47546|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 52.88765294772|2,|.|,}} Kirkcudbright, Castle Douglas, Dalbeattie, New Galloway
Lanarkshire Lanark {{#formatnum: 879|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1008014|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1146.7736063709|2,|.|,}} Lanark, Glasgow, Coatbridge, Carluke, East Kilbride, Hamilton, Motherwell
Lancashire Lancaster {{#formatnum: 1909|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 4942364|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 2588.9806181247|2,|.|,}} Lancaster, Liverpool, Manchester, Salford, Preston, Barrow-in-Furness, Bolton, Warrington
Leicestershire Leicester {{#formatnum: 836|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 975403|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1166.75|2,|.|,}} Leicester, Coalville, Hinckley, Loughborough, Lutterworth, Melton Mowbray
Lincolnshire Lincoln {{#formatnum: 2687|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1038510|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 386.49423148493|2,|.|,}} Lincoln, Boston, Grantham, Grimsby, Louth, Scunthorpe, Skegness, Stamford
Londonderry Londonderry {{#formatnum: 816|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 247971|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 303.88602941176|2,|.|,}} Londonderry, Coleraine, Limavady
Merionethshire Merioneth {{#formatnum: 676|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 37874|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 56.026627218935|2,|.|,}} Bala, Barmouth, Blaenau Ffestiniog, Dolgellau, Harlech, Tywyn
Middlesex Middlesex {{#formatnum: 285|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 4000927|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 14038.340350877|2,|.|,}} London, Brentford, Westminster, Ealing, Enfield, Harrow, Potters Bar, Staines, Twickenham
Midlothian Edinburgh {{#formatnum: 362|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 621610|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1717.1546961326|2,|.|,}} Edinburgh, Bonnyrigg, Dalkeith, Musselburgh, Penicuik
Monmouthshire Monmouth {{#formatnum: 542|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 514723|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 949.67343173432|2,|.|,}} Monmouth, Newport, Abergavenny, Blackwood, Chepstow, Cwmbran, Tredegar
Montgomeryshire Montgomery {{#formatnum: 796|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 61956|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 77.834170854271|2,|.|,}} Montgomery, Llanidloes, Machynlleth, Newtown, Welshpool
Morayshire Elgin/Moray {{#formatnum: 476|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 67654|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 142.13025210084|2,|.|,}} Elgin, Fochabers, Lossiemouth, Forres, Rothes
Nairnshire Nairn {{#formatnum: 200|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 13894|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 69.47|2,|.|,}} Nairn, Auldearn, Cawdor
Norfolk Norfolk {{#formatnum: 2057|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 807721|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 392.6694214876|2,|.|,}} Norwich, Cromer, East Dereham, Great Yarmouth, Hunstanton, King's Lynn
Northamptonshire Northampton {{#formatnum: 998|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 838786|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 840.46693386774|2,|.|,}} Northampton, Peterborough, Corby, Kettering, Wellingborough
Northumberland Northumberland {{#formatnum: 2019|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 797006|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 394.75284794453|2,|.|,}} Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Alnwick, (Berwick-upon-Tweed), Hexham, Morpeth
Nottinghamshire Nottingham {{#formatnum: 843|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1096617|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1300.8505338078|2,|.|,}} Nottingham, Mansfield, Newark-on-Trent, Retford, Southwell, Worksop
Orkney Orkney {{#formatnum: 376|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 21349|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 56.779255319149|2,|.|,}} Kirkwall, Balfour, Stromness
Oxfordshire Oxford {{#formatnum: 754|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 512345|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 679.50265251989|2,|.|,}} Oxford, Banbury, Bicester, Carterton, Henley-on-Thames, Thame, Witney
Peeblesshire Peebles {{#formatnum: 548|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 19074|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 34.806569343066|2,|.|,}} Peebles, Innerleithen, West Linton
Pembrokeshire Pembroke {{#formatnum: 625|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 122122|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 195.3952|2,|.|,}} Pembroke, Fishguard, Haverfordwest, Milford Haven, Tenby, St David's
Perthshire Perth {{#formatnum: 2493|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 156371|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 62.724027276374|2,|.|,}} Perth, Blairgowrie, Callander, Coupar Angus, Crieff, Kincardine, Pitlochry, Rattray
Radnorshire Radnor {{#formatnum: 470|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 25821|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 54.93829787234|2,|.|,}} Presteigne, Knighton, Llandrindod Wells, New Radnor, Rhayader
Renfrewshire Renfrew {{#formatnum: 245|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 508064|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 2073.7306122449|2,|.|,}} Renfrew, Barrhead, Greenock, Johnstone, Kilmacolm, Paisley, Port Glasgow
Ross-shire Ross {{#formatnum: 3089|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 69503|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 22.500161864681|2,|.|,}} Dingwall, Alness, Invergordon, Stornoway, Tain
Roxburghshire Roxburgh {{#formatnum: 666|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 50800|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 76.276276276276|2,|.|,}} Jedburgh, Hawick, Kelso, Melrose, Roxburgh
Rutland Rutland {{#formatnum: 152|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 37677|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 247.875|2,|.|,}} Oakham, Cottesmore, Uppingham
Selkirkshire Selkirk {{#formatnum: 267|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 16010|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 59.962546816479|2,|.|,}} Selkirk, Galashiels
Shetland Shetland {{#formatnum: 551|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 23167|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 42.045372050817|2,|.|,}} Lerwick, Baltasound, Scalloway
Shropshire Shrewsbury/Salop {{#formatnum: 1342|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 472027|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 351.73397913562|2,|.|,}} Shrewsbury, Bridgnorth, Ludlow, Market Drayton, Oswestry, Telford, Whitchurch
Somerset Somerset {{#formatnum: 1633|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1053504|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 645.13410900184|2,|.|,}} Taunton, Bath, Bridgwater, Glastonbury, Wells, Weston-super-Mare, Yeovil
Staffordshire Stafford {{#formatnum: 1176|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 2159392|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1836.2176870748|2,|.|,}} Stafford, Lichfield, Stoke-on-Trent, Wolverhampton, Cannock, Walsall
Stirlingshire Stirling {{#formatnum: 447|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 244092|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 546.06711409396|2,|.|,}} Stirling, Bridge of Allan, Denny, Falkirk, Grangemouth, Kilsyth
Suffolk Suffolk {{#formatnum: 1505|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 775099|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 515.01594684385|2,|.|,}} Ipswich, Bury St Edmunds, Bungay, Felixstowe, Haverhill, Lowestoft, Sudbury
Surrey Surrey {{#formatnum: 759|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 2975836|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 3920.7325428195|2,|.|,}} Guildford, Brixton, Croydon, Egham, Farnham, Kingston upon Thames, Southwark, Sutton, Wandsworth, Wimbledon, Woking
Sussex Sussex {{#formatnum: 1466|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1612454|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1099.9004092769|2,|.|,}} Chichester, Bognor Regis, Brighton and Hove, Crawley, Eastbourne, Hastings, Horsham, Worthing
Sutherland Sutherland {{#formatnum: 2028|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 12803|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 6.3131163708087|2,|.|,}} Dornoch, Brora, Durness, Golspie, Helmsdale, Lairg, Tongue
Tyrone Tyrone {{#formatnum: 1260|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 178440|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 141.61904761905|2,|.|,}} Omagh, Cookstown, Dungannon, Strabane
Warwickshire Warwick {{#formatnum: 918|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1632885|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1778.7418300654|2,|.|,}} Warwick, Birmingham, Coventry, Nuneaton, Rugby, Solihull, Stratford-upon-Avon
West Lothian Linlithgow {{#formatnum: 120|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 154830|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1290.25|2,|.|,}} Linlithgow, Armadale, Bathgate, Bo'ness, Broxburn, Livingston, Whitburn
Westmorland Westmorland {{#formatnum: 785|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 87466|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 111.42165605096|2,|.|,}} Appleby, Ambleside, Kendal, Kirkby Lonsdale, Windermere
Wigtownshire Wigtown {{#formatnum: 487|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 26618|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 54.657084188912|2,|.|,}} Wigtown, Newton Stewart, Stranraer, Whithorn
Wiltshire Wilts {{#formatnum: 1374|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 682380|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 496.63755458515|2,|.|,}} Salisbury, Chippenham, Devizes, Marlborough, Swindon, Trowbridge, Warminster
Worcestershire Worcester {{#formatnum: 709|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1125037|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 1586.7940761636|2,|.|,}} Worcester, Dudley, Evesham, Great Malvern, Halesowen, Kidderminster, Stourbridge
Yorkshire York {{#formatnum: 6081|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 5218838|0 ,}} {{#formatnum: 858.22035849367|2,|.|,}} York

East Riding: Kingston upon Hull, Beverley, Bridlington, Driffield, Filey, Hornsea

North Riding: Middlesbrough, Northallerton, Redcar, Scarborough, Whitby

West Riding: Bradford, Leeds, Sheffield, Wakefield, Halifax, Harrogate, Ripon

See also

Notes and References

  1. Census Report, 1891 (General Register Office)

External references