Banffshire: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox county | {{Infobox county | ||
|name=Banffshire | |name=Banffshire | ||
|map image= | |map image=Banffshire Brit Isles Sect 2.svg | ||
|picture=Grain fields with Banff Bay beyond - geograph.org.uk - 918541.jpg | |picture=Grain fields with Banff Bay beyond - geograph.org.uk - 918541.jpg | ||
|picture caption=Fields out to Banff Bay | |picture caption=Fields out to Banff Bay | ||
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The '''County of Banff''' is a [[Counties of the United Kingdom|shire]] on the [[Moray Firth]] and reaching from that rough coastline, stretching inland up the valley of the river Spey into the Grampian and [[Cairngorm]] mountains. The highest mountains are [[Ben Macdhui]] (4,296 feet), shared with Aberdeenshire, and Cairngorm (4,080 feet). | The '''County of Banff''' is a [[Counties of the United Kingdom|shire]] on the [[Moray Firth]] and reaching from that rough coastline, stretching inland up the valley of the river Spey into the Grampian and [[Cairngorm]] mountains. The highest mountains are [[Ben Macdhui]] (4,296 feet), shared with Aberdeenshire, and Cairngorm (4,080 feet). | ||
The rugged mountain areas of Banffshire give way further north to more rolling country with fine glens and some areas of rich plains, running down at last to the coast. The county's main rivers are the [[River Deveron|Deveron]], the [[ | The rugged mountain areas of Banffshire give way further north to more rolling country with fine glens and some areas of rich plains, running down at last to the coast. The county's main rivers are the [[River Deveron|Deveron]], the [[Burn of Boyne|Boyne]], the [[River Avon, Banffshire|Avon]] (which runs from the height of Cairngorm into the Spey) and the [[River Spey|Spey]] for the miles where it forms the border with [[Morayshire]]. | ||
Banffshire's economy is largely pastoral. The county is almost entirely rural. | Banffshire's economy is largely pastoral. The county is almost entirely rural. | ||
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Banffshire lies on the south coast of the [[Moray Firth]], in the row of modestly sized counties along that coast: Morayshire lies to the west, and [[Inverness-shire]] inland, while to the east and south is [[Aberdeenshire]]. | Banffshire lies on the south coast of the [[Moray Firth]], in the row of modestly sized counties along that coast: Morayshire lies to the west, and [[Inverness-shire]] inland, while to the east and south is [[Aberdeenshire]]. | ||
Locally situate in neighbouring [[Aberdeenshire]] are various Banffshire exclaves | Locally situate in neighbouring [[Aberdeenshire]] are various Banffshire exclaves: | ||
*The parish of [[St Fergus]]. | |||
*The parish of [[Gartly]] east of the [[River Bogie]]. | |||
*The northern part of the parish of [[Old Deer]] around Fetterangus. | |||
*The north-eastern part of the parish of [[New Machar]] around Straloch. | |||
==The land== | ==The land== | ||
Banffshire stretches from the Moray Firth up into the mountains. To the west lies [[Morayshire]] and all along Banffshire's long eastern border is [[Aberdeenshire]]. The mountains of [[Inverness-shire]] lie to the south. | |||
===Mountains=== | ===Mountains=== | ||
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Some of the mountains are thick with forests, some present a beautiful intermixture of rock and copse, while others are covered with brown heath. The greatest mountains are all in the south, where the [[Cairngorms|Cairngorm]] range is found. Cairn Gorm itself is famous for the amber-coloured quartz crystals found there, known as "cairngorms" in jewellery. | Some of the mountains are thick with forests, some present a beautiful intermixture of rock and copse, while others are covered with brown heath. The greatest mountains are all in the south, where the [[Cairngorms|Cairngorm]] range is found. Cairn Gorm itself is famous for the amber-coloured quartz crystals found there, known as "cairngorms" in jewellery. | ||
The most famous mountains of | The most famous mountains of Banffshire include: | ||
*[[Ben Macdhui]] (4,296 feet) | *[[Ben Macdhui]] (4,296 feet) ''(the [[county top]] of Banffshire and of Aberdeenshire)'' | ||
*[[Cairn Gorm]] (4,084 feet) | *[[Cairn Gorm]] (4,084 feet) | ||
*[[Ben Rinnes]] (2,775 feet) | *[[Ben Rinnes]] (2,775 feet) | ||
*[[Corryhabbie]] (2,563 feet) | *[[Corryhabbie Hill]] (2,563 feet) | ||
*[[Cook's Cairn]] (2,478 feet) | *[[Cook's Cairn]] (2,478 feet); and | ||
* | *The Buck of Cabrach (2,368 feet). | ||
Also noteworthy is [[Bin of Cullen|Bin Hill]] near [[Cullen]] in the north of the county, which is visible from a number of distant points including [[Longman Hill]] far to the east. | |||
===Rivers, glens and lochs=== | ===Rivers, glens and lochs=== | ||
[[File:River Deveron - geograph.org.uk - 1232498.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The River Deveron]] | [[File:River Deveron - geograph.org.uk - 1232498.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The River Deveron]] | ||
No great rivers belong wholly to Banffshire. On its | No great rivers belong wholly to Banffshire. On its borders though are the [[River Spey]], which forms for much of its course the western border, and the [[River Deveron]] forming the eastern border. | ||
Banffshire's own waters are comparatively short, the chief being the Avon, Fiddich, Isla, Buckie, Deskford with a series of cascades and Livet. Most of the rivers are stocked with trout and the Spey and Deveron are famous for their salmon. | Banffshire's own waters are comparatively short, the chief being the Avon, Fiddich, Isla, Buckie, Deskford with a series of cascades and Livet. Most of the rivers are stocked with trout and the Spey and Deveron are famous for their salmon. | ||
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*Glen Avon | *Glen Avon | ||
*Glen | *Glen Barry | ||
*Glen Fiddich | *Glen Fiddich | ||
*Glen Isla | *Glen Isla | ||
| Line 52: | Line 58: | ||
===The coastlands=== | ===The coastlands=== | ||
The northern half is mostly a fine, open, undulating country of rich, highly | The northern half is mostly a fine, open, undulating country of rich, highly cultivated soil. Here are found most of the towns of the county and the fishing villages. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
[[File:Glen Livet - geograph.org.uk - 3600.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Glen Livet]] | [[File:Glen Livet - geograph.org.uk - 3600.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Glen Livet]] | ||
Prehistoric man has left traces in the shire, in particular on the coastal plain. The Longman Hill cairn is a well-known example,<ref> | Prehistoric man has left traces in the shire, in particular on the coastal plain. The Longman Hill cairn is a well-known example,<ref>[http://www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/11228/longman_hill.html#fieldnotes C.Michael Hogan (2008) ''Longman Hill'', Modern Antiquarian]</ref> and such cairns are found too by [[Rothiemay]], [[Ballindalloch]], [[Boharm]], in [[Glen Livet]] and elsewhere. The Romans came this way at least once, and though these lands remained outside their occupation, what is believed to have been a Roman camp may still be made out in [[Glen Barry]]. The Danes and Norse came form the sea and were more successful: near [[Cullen]] in 960 was a fierce battle, and a sculptured stone at [[Mortlach]] is said to commemorate King Malcolm II's victory over the Norsemen in 1010. | ||
Banffshire retained a large Roman Catholic population after the Reformation of the 16th century and suffered greatly in the ensuing struggles. In [[Glen Livet]] the Roman Catholics, under the Marquess of Huntly, fought and defeated the Protestants under the Earl of Argyll. During the Wars of the Covenant, becoming the Wars of the Three Kingdoms during the 17th century, Banffshire was a Royalist stronghold and from 1624 to 1645 barely saw rest, combined as these restless times were with the wars between the Highland clans. Nevertheless, the Jacobite risings of 1715 and 1745 left the county comparatively untouched, and thereafter peace reigned. | Banffshire retained a large Roman Catholic population after the Reformation of the 16th century and suffered greatly in the ensuing struggles. In [[Glen Livet]] the Roman Catholics, under the Marquess of Huntly, fought and defeated the Protestants under the Earl of Argyll. During the Wars of the Covenant, becoming the Wars of the Three Kingdoms during the 17th century, Banffshire was a Royalist stronghold and from 1624 to 1645 barely saw rest, combined as these restless times were with the wars between the Highland clans. Nevertheless, the Jacobite risings of 1715 and 1745 left the county comparatively untouched, and thereafter peace reigned. | ||
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The county town is Banff, standing on the sea and the western bank at the mouth of the River Deveron. Macduff stands on the opposite side of the rivermouth. | The county town is Banff, standing on the sea and the western bank at the mouth of the River Deveron. Macduff stands on the opposite side of the rivermouth. | ||
*[[Banff]] | *[[Banff]] (''[[county town]]'') | ||
*[[Buckie]] | *[[Buckie]] | ||
*[[Charlestown of Aberlour]] | *[[Charlestown of Aberlour]] | ||
*[[Cullen]] | |||
*[[Dufftown]] | *[[Dufftown]] | ||
*[[Keith]] | *[[Keith]] | ||
*[[Macduff]] | *[[Macduff]] | ||
*[[Portknockie]] | |||
*[[Portsoy]] | *[[Portsoy]] | ||
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*[[Craigellachie]] | *[[Craigellachie]] | ||
*[[Findochty]] | *[[Findochty]] | ||
*[[Fordyce]] | |||
*[[Glenlivet]] | *[[Glenlivet]] | ||
| | | | ||
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*[[Newmill, Banffshire|Newmill]] | *[[Newmill, Banffshire|Newmill]] | ||
*[[Spey Bay]] | *[[Spey Bay]] | ||
*[[Whitehills]] | |||
|} | |} | ||
==Parishes== | ===Parishes=== | ||
{{parishliststart}} | {{parishliststart}} | ||
*[[Aberlour]] | *[[Aberlour]] | ||
*[[Alvah]] | *[[Alvah]] | ||
*[[Banff]] | *[[Banff]] | ||
*[[Boharm]] | *[[Bellie]]<sup>†</sup> | ||
*[[Boharm]]<sup>†</sup> | |||
*[[Botriphnie]] | *[[Botriphnie]] | ||
*[[Boyndie]] | *[[Boyndie]] | ||
*[[Cabrach]] | *[[Cabrach]]<sup>‡</sup> | ||
*[[Cullen]] | *[[Cullen]] | ||
*[[Deskford]] | *[[Deskford]] | ||
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*[[Forglen]] | *[[Forglen]] | ||
*[[Gamrie]] | *[[Gamrie]] | ||
*[[Grange]] | *[[Glass]]<sup>‡</sup> | ||
*[[Inveravon]] | *[[Grange, Banffshire|Grange]] | ||
*[[Inveravon]]<sup>†</sup> | |||
*[[Inverkeithny]] | *[[Inverkeithny]] | ||
*[[Keith]] | *[[Keith]]<sup>†</sup> | ||
*[[Kirkmichael, Banffshire|Kirkmichael]] | *[[Kirkmichael, Banffshire|Kirkmichael]] | ||
*[[Marnoch]] | *[[Marnoch]] | ||
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*[[Rothiemay]] | *[[Rothiemay]] | ||
{{parishlistend}} | {{parishlistend}} | ||
<sup>†</sup>: Extends into [[Morayshire]]<br /><sup>‡</sup>: Shared with [[Aberdeenshire]]<br />Additionally a small part of the parish of [[Rothes]], otherwise in Morayshire extends across the [[River Spey|Spey]] into Banffshire. | |||
==Sights of Banffshire== | ==Sights of Banffshire== | ||
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*Aberlour Distillery, [[Aberlour]] | *Aberlour Distillery, [[Aberlour]] | ||
*{{i-Castle}} Ballindalloch Castle, [[Ballindalloch]] | *{{i-Castle}} [[Ballindalloch Castle]], [[Ballindalloch]] | ||
*{{i-Castle}} Balvenie Castle, [[Balvenie]] | *{{i-Castle}} [[Balvenie Castle]], [[Balvenie]] | ||
*Bridge of Alvah | *[[Bridge of Alvah]] | ||
*Buckie and District Fishing Heritage Centre, [[Buckie]] | *Buckie and District Fishing Heritage Centre, [[Buckie]] | ||
*Cardow Visitor Centre, [[Aberlour]] | *Cardow Visitor Centre, [[Aberlour]] | ||
*{{i-House}}{{i-HS}} Duff House Country Gallery, [[Banff]] | *{{i-House}}{{i-HS}} [[Duff House]] Country Gallery, [[Banff]] | ||
*The Glenlivet Estate, [[Ballindalloch]] | *The [[Glenlivet]] Estate, [[Ballindalloch]] | ||
*House of Mulben, [[Mulben]] | *House of Mulben, [[Mulben]] | ||
*Kirk of Gamrie – 12th century | *Kirk of Gamrie – 12th century | ||
| Line 149: | Line 162: | ||
*Inventory of Charters of Banff (Banff) | *Inventory of Charters of Banff (Banff) | ||
*Robertson's Collections for a History of the Shires of Aberdeen and Banff (Spalding Club) | *Robertson's Collections for a History of the Shires of Aberdeen and Banff (Spalding Club) | ||
*Watt, W: Aberdeenshire and Banff (Edinburgh, | *Watt, W: Aberdeenshire and Banff (Edinburgh, 1900) | ||
{{British county}} | {{British county}} | ||
Latest revision as of 10:12, 31 July 2019
| Banffshire United Kingdom | |
 Fields out to Banff Bay | |
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| Flag | |
| Spe et Spiritu (With hope and courage) | |
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| [Interactive map] | |
| Area: | 641 square miles |
| Population: | 46,537 |
| County town: | Banff |
| County flower: | Dark-red helleborine [1] |
The County of Banff is a shire on the Moray Firth and reaching from that rough coastline, stretching inland up the valley of the river Spey into the Grampian and Cairngorm mountains. The highest mountains are Ben Macdhui (4,296 feet), shared with Aberdeenshire, and Cairngorm (4,080 feet).
The rugged mountain areas of Banffshire give way further north to more rolling country with fine glens and some areas of rich plains, running down at last to the coast. The county's main rivers are the Deveron, the Boyne, the Avon (which runs from the height of Cairngorm into the Spey) and the Spey for the miles where it forms the border with Morayshire.
Banffshire's economy is largely pastoral. The county is almost entirely rural.
Banffshire lies on the south coast of the Moray Firth, in the row of modestly sized counties along that coast: Morayshire lies to the west, and Inverness-shire inland, while to the east and south is Aberdeenshire.
Locally situate in neighbouring Aberdeenshire are various Banffshire exclaves:
- The parish of St Fergus.
- The parish of Gartly east of the River Bogie.
- The northern part of the parish of Old Deer around Fetterangus.
- The north-eastern part of the parish of New Machar around Straloch.
The land
Banffshire stretches from the Moray Firth up into the mountains. To the west lies Morayshire and all along Banffshire's long eastern border is Aberdeenshire. The mountains of Inverness-shire lie to the south.
Mountains
The south of the county is mountainous, but cut through with fertile glens watered by burns and rivers which allow extensive farms.
Some of the mountains are thick with forests, some present a beautiful intermixture of rock and copse, while others are covered with brown heath. The greatest mountains are all in the south, where the Cairngorm range is found. Cairn Gorm itself is famous for the amber-coloured quartz crystals found there, known as "cairngorms" in jewellery.
The most famous mountains of Banffshire include:
- Ben Macdhui (4,296 feet) (the county top of Banffshire and of Aberdeenshire)
- Cairn Gorm (4,084 feet)
- Ben Rinnes (2,775 feet)
- Corryhabbie Hill (2,563 feet)
- Cook's Cairn (2,478 feet); and
- The Buck of Cabrach (2,368 feet).
Also noteworthy is Bin Hill near Cullen in the north of the county, which is visible from a number of distant points including Longman Hill far to the east.
Rivers, glens and lochs
No great rivers belong wholly to Banffshire. On its borders though are the River Spey, which forms for much of its course the western border, and the River Deveron forming the eastern border.
Banffshire's own waters are comparatively short, the chief being the Avon, Fiddich, Isla, Buckie, Deskford with a series of cascades and Livet. Most of the rivers are stocked with trout and the Spey and Deveron are famous for their salmon.
The great glens are distinguished for their romantic scenery, the chief being:
- Glen Avon
- Glen Barry
- Glen Fiddich
- Glen Isla
- Glen Livet
- Glen Rinnes
The largest lochs are in the extreme south: Loch Avon (2,500 feet above the sea), Loch Builg (1,586 feet) and Loch Etchachan (3,100 feet).
The coastlands
The northern half is mostly a fine, open, undulating country of rich, highly cultivated soil. Here are found most of the towns of the county and the fishing villages.
History
Prehistoric man has left traces in the shire, in particular on the coastal plain. The Longman Hill cairn is a well-known example,[1] and such cairns are found too by Rothiemay, Ballindalloch, Boharm, in Glen Livet and elsewhere. The Romans came this way at least once, and though these lands remained outside their occupation, what is believed to have been a Roman camp may still be made out in Glen Barry. The Danes and Norse came form the sea and were more successful: near Cullen in 960 was a fierce battle, and a sculptured stone at Mortlach is said to commemorate King Malcolm II's victory over the Norsemen in 1010.
Banffshire retained a large Roman Catholic population after the Reformation of the 16th century and suffered greatly in the ensuing struggles. In Glen Livet the Roman Catholics, under the Marquess of Huntly, fought and defeated the Protestants under the Earl of Argyll. During the Wars of the Covenant, becoming the Wars of the Three Kingdoms during the 17th century, Banffshire was a Royalist stronghold and from 1624 to 1645 barely saw rest, combined as these restless times were with the wars between the Highland clans. Nevertheless, the Jacobite risings of 1715 and 1745 left the county comparatively untouched, and thereafter peace reigned.
The nineteenth century saw great improvements in farming techniques as elsewhere, and here in Banffshire the rich soil yielded its crop well as a result: oats, wheat and barley for the brewers throve here and still do. The Earls of Fife and the Earls of Findlater (later Earls of Seafield) did much work on their estates in Banffshire: the Earl of Seafield in 1846 received the honorary gold medal of the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland for his forestry; raising vast timber plantations here and in Morayshire and Nairnshire.
Towns and villages
The county town is Banff, standing on the sea and the western bank at the mouth of the River Deveron. Macduff stands on the opposite side of the rivermouth.
- Banff (county town)
- Buckie
- Charlestown of Aberlour
- Cullen
- Dufftown
- Keith
- Macduff
- Portknockie
- Portsoy
Smaller villages include:
Parishes
†: Extends into Morayshire
‡: Shared with Aberdeenshire
Additionally a small part of the parish of Rothes, otherwise in Morayshire extends across the Spey into Banffshire.
Sights of Banffshire
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Cathedral/Abbey/Priory |
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Accessible open space |
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Amusement/Theme Park |
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Castle |
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Country Park |
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Historic Scotland |
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Forestry Commission |
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Heritage railway |
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Historic House |
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Museum (free/not free) |
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National Trust for Scotland |
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Zoo |
Several mediæval castles lie in ruins in Banffshire, but other great houses stand.
- Aberlour Distillery, Aberlour
Ballindalloch Castle, Ballindalloch- Balvenie Castle, Balvenie
- Bridge of Alvah
- Buckie and District Fishing Heritage Centre, Buckie
- Cardow Visitor Centre, Aberlour
Duff House Country Gallery, Banff- The Glenlivet Estate, Ballindalloch
- House of Mulben, Mulben
- Kirk of Gamrie – 12th century
- Macduff Marine Aquarium, Macduff
- The Salmon Bothy, Portsoy
- Scottish Tartans Museum, Keith
Outside links
References
Books
- Cramond, W: Annals of Banff (New Spalding Club) (Aberdeen, 1891)
- Dr Gordon: Chronicles of Keith, Grange, &c. (Glasgow, 1880)
- Dickie: Botanist's Guide to Aberdeen, Banff, &c. (Aberdeen, 1860)
- Inventory of Charters of Cullen (Banff, 1887)
- Inventory of Charters of Banff (Banff)
- Robertson's Collections for a History of the Shires of Aberdeen and Banff (Spalding Club)
- Watt, W: Aberdeenshire and Banff (Edinburgh, 1900)
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