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'''County flowers''' are wildflowers representative of counties.  A county flower was chosen for each county in the United Kingdom after competitions run by PlantLife, a charity, beginning in 2002.
==The PlantLife campaign ==
Plantlife wanted to commemorate the Queen's Jubilee in 2002 by putting wild flowers on the map, and launched a campaign to ask every county to choose its own wild flower emblem. The nation was asked to choose a wild flower emblem to represent their county or city.
===The competitions===
In its first year, people were asked to vote for any wild flower that they felt best represented their county.  The following year, the competition was whittled down to the top two for each of the 92 counties in the United Kingdom, for the Isle of Man and for the largest cities; 109 in all.  The results were announced on 5th May 2004 and are published on PlantLife’s website.
Norfolk was the one example of a change after a flower had been chosen.  The initial vote chose alexanders (''smyrnium olusatrum''), but vocal local feeling against the choice forced a change, and so the common poppy (''papaver rhoeas'') was chosen instead.
===UK's favourite flower===
The first round of voting for County Flowers yielded the native bluebell as a clear favourite across the country, topping the list in many of the counties.  The bluebell was crowned the wild flower emblem for the whole of the United Kingdom, and was endorsed by the PlantLife's patron, HRH The Prince of Wales.
===Why a wildflower emblem?===
Flowers are a powerful means of expression - everyone recognises the poppy, iconic image of remembrance for those who fell in battle. The simple dog-rose has appeared on heraldic banners for over a thousand years and many towns and villages are named after plants – [[Bromley]] is named after the broom, [[Ramsey, Huntingdonshire|Ramsey]] after ramson, otherwise known as wild garlic.
==Reasons for the campaign==
Plantlife launched the County Flowers campaign in order to highlight the threat that wildflowers are facing in Britain.  A recent report from the charity shows that, on average, every county in the United Kingdom is losing one species of wild plant every two years due to habitat loss, pollution and intensive farming.
==The flowers chosen==
Many of the wildflowers chosen as county flowers are rare. Some are found only in the county or in narrow ranges.  Some counties share a flower, for example the pasqueflower is the county flower for [[Cambridgeshire]] and [[Hertfordshire]], the harebell for [[County Antrim]], [[Dumfriesshire]] and [[Yorkshire]].
The following are the flowers selected for the counties of the United Kingdom in Plantlife's 2002 "County Flowers" campaign.
The following are the flowers selected for the counties of the United Kingdom in Plantlife's 2002 "County Flowers" campaign.


{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid grey;" cellpadding="2"
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid grey;" cellpadding="2"
!County!!Common name!!Scientific name!!County status
!County!!Common name!!Scientific name!!Status!!
|-
|[[Aberdeenshire]]||Bearberry||''Arctostaphylos uva-ursi''||Native||[[File:Arctostaphylos-uva-ursi.JPG|100px|Bearberry]]
|-
|[[Anglesey]]||Spotted Rock-rose||''Tuberaria guttata''||Native||[[File:Tuberaria guttata01.jpg|100px|Spotted rock-rose]]
|-
|-
|[[Aberdeenshire]]||Bearberry||Arctostaphylos uva-ursi||Native
|[[Angus]]||Alpine Catchfly||''Lychnis alpina''||Native||[[File:Lychnis.jpg|100px|Alpine catchfly]]
|-
|-
|[[Anglesey]]||Spotted Rock-rose||Tuberaria guttata||Native
|[[County Antrim]]||Harebell||''Campanula rotundifolia''||Native||[[File:Harebells.jpg|100px|Harebell]]
|-
|-
|[[Angus]]||Alpine Catchfly||Lychnis alpina||Native
|[[Argyllshire]]||Foxglove||''Digitalis purpurea''||Native||[[File:Digitalis-stora hultrum.sweden-15.jpg|100px|Foxglove]]
|-
|-
|[[County Antrim]]||Harebell||Campanula rotundifolia||Native
|[[County Armagh]]||Cowbane||''Cicuta virosa''||Native||[[File:Cicuta virosa 003.JPG|100px|Cowbane]]
|-
|-
|[[Argyllshire]]||Foxglove||Digitalis purpurea||Native
|[[Ayrshire]]||Green-winged Orchid||''Anacamptis morio''||Native||[[File:Orchis morio plants.jpg|100px|Green-winged orchid]]
|-
|-
|[[County Armagh]]||Cowbane||Cicuta virosa||Native
|[[Banffshire]]||Dark-red Helleborine||''Epipactis atrorubens''||Native||[[File:Epipactis atrorubens.jpg|100px|Dark red helleborine]]
|-
|-
|[[Ayrshire]]||Green-winged Orchid||Anacamptis morio||Native
|[[Bedfordshire]]||Bee Orchid||''Ophrys apifera''||Native||[[File:Ophrys apifera flower2.jpg|100px|Bee orchid]]
|-
|-
|[[Banffshire]]||Dark-red Helleborine||Epipactis atrorubens||Native
|[[Berkshire]]||Summer Snowflake||''Leucojum aestivum''||Native||[[File:Leucojum aestivum02.jpg|100px|Summer snowflake]]
|-
|-
|[[Bedfordshire]]||Bee Orchid||Ophrys apifera||Native
|[[Berwickshire]]||Rock-rose||''Helianthemum nummularium''||Native||[[File:Solvända.jpg|100px|Rock-rose]]
|-
|-
|[[Berkshire]]||Summer Snowflake||Leucojum aestivum||Native
|[[Brecknockshire]]||Cuckooflower||''Cardamine pratensis''||Native||[[File:Pinksterbloem.jpg|100px|Cuckooflower]]
|-
|-
|[[Berwickshire]]||Rock-rose||Helianthemum nummularium||Native
|[[Buckinghamshire]]||Chiltern Gentian||''Gentianella germanica''||Native||[[File:Enz 5Z.jpg|100px|Chiltern gentian]]
|-
|-
|[[Brecknockshire]]||Cuckooflower||Cardamine pratensis||Native
|[[Buteshire]]||Thrift||''Armeria maritima''||Native||[[File:Zawciag nadmorski Ameria maritima maritima.jpg|100px|Thrift]]
|-
|-
|[[Buckinghamshire]]||Chiltern Gentian||Gentianella germanica||Native
|[[Caernarfonshire]]||Snowdon Lily||''Lloydia serotina''||Native||[[File:Lloydia serotina.jpg|100px|Snowdon lily]]
|-
|-
|[[Buteshire]]||Thrift||Armeria maritima||Native
|[[Caithness]]||Scots Primrose||''Primula scotica''||Native||[[File:Scottish Primrose (Primula scotica) - geograph.org.uk - 822246.jpg|100px|Scottish primrose]]
|-
|-
|[[Caernarfonshire]]||Snowdon Lily||Lloydia serotina||Native
|[[Cambridgeshire]]||Pasqueflower||''Pulsatilla vulgaris''||Native||[[File:Pulsatilla vulgaris-700px.jpg|100px|Pasqueflower]]
|-
|-
|[[Caithness]]||Scots Primrose||Primula scotica||Native
|[[Cardiganshire]]||Bog-rosemary||''Andromeda polifolia''||Native||[[File:Andromeda polifolia bloom.jpg|100px|Bog-rosemary]]
|-
|-
|[[Cambridgeshire]]||Pasqueflower||Pulsatilla vulgaris||Native
|[[Carmarthenshire]]||Whorled Caraway||''Carum verticillatum''||Native||[[File:Whorled Caraway (Carum verticillatum) - geograph.org.uk - 1431105.jpg|100px|Whorled caraway]]
|-
|-
|[[Cardiganshire]]||Bog-rosemary||Andromeda polifolia||Native
|[[Cheshire]]||Cuckooflower||''Cardamine pratensis''||Native||[[File:Pinksterbloem.jpg|100px|Cuckooflower]]
|-
|-
|[[Carmarthenshire]]||Whorled Caraway||Carum verticillatum||Native
|[[Clackmannanshire]]||Opposite-leaved Golden-saxifrage||''Chrysosplenium oppositifolium''||Native||[[File:Chrysosplenium oppositifolium 240405b.jpg|100px|Opposite-leaved golden-saxifrage]]
|-
|-
|[[Cheshire]]||Cuckooflower||Cardamine pratensis||Native
|[[Cornwall]]||Cornish Heath||''Erica vagans''||Native||[[File:Erica vagans.JPG|100px|Cornish Heath]]
|-
|-
|[[Clackmannanshire]]||Opposite-leaved Golden-saxifrage||Chrysosplenium oppositifolium||Native
|[[Cromartyshire]]||Spring Cinquefoil||''Potentilla neumanniana''||Native||[[File:Potentilla neumanniana (1).jpg|100px|Spring cinquefoil]]
|-
|-
|[[Cornwall]]||Cornish Heath||Erica vagans||Native
|[[Cumberland]]||Grass-of-Parnassus||''Parnassia palustris''||Native||[[File:DwNorthernGrassofParnassus.jpg|100px|Grass-of-Parnassus]]
|-
|-
|[[County Durham]]||Spring Gentian||Gentiana verna||Native
|[[Denbighshire]]||Limestone Woundwort||''Stachys alpina''||Native||[[File:Stachys alpina fontaine-des-carmes 55 080602 1.JPG|100px|Limestone woundwort]]
|-
|-
|[[Cromartyshire]]||Spring Cinquefoil||Potentilla neumanniana||Native
|[[Derbyshire]]||Jacob's-ladder||''Polemonium caeruleum''||Native||[[File:Polemonium coeruleum1.jpg|100px|Jacob's-ladder]]
|-
|-
|[[Cumberland]]||Grass-of-Parnassus||Parnassia palustris||Native
|[[Devon]]||Primrose||''Primula vulgaris''||Native||[[File:Primula vulgaris.jpg|100px|Primrose]]
|-
|-
|[[Denbighshire]]||Limestone Woundwort||Stachys alpina||Native
|[[Dorset]]||Dorset Heath||''Erica ciliaris''||Native||[[File:Erica ciliaris.jpg|100px|Dorset heath]]
|-
|-
|[[Derbyshire]]||Jacob's-ladder||Polemonium caeruleum||Native
|[[County Down]]||Spring Squill||''Scilla verna''||Native||[[File:Scilla verna Cornwall.jpg|100px|Spring squill]]
|-
|-
|[[Devon]]||Primrose||Primula vulgaris||Native
|[[Dumfriesshire]]||Harebell||''Campanula rotundifolia''||Native||[[File:Harebells.jpg|100px|Harebell]]
|-
|-
|[[Dorset]]||Dorset Heath||Erica ciliaris||Native
|[[Dunbartonshire]]||Lesser Water-plantain||''Baldellia ranunculoides''||Native||[[File:BaldelliaRanunculoides.jpg|100px|Water-plantain]]
|-
|-
|[[County Down]]||Spring Squill||Scilla verna||Native
|[[County Durham]]||Spring Gentian||''Gentiana verna''||Native||[[File:Gentiana verna.jpg|100px|Spring gentian]]
|-
|-
|[[Dumfriesshire]]||Harebell||Campanula rotundifolia||Native
|[[East Lothian]]||Viper's-bugloss||''Echium vulgare''||Native||[[File:Viper's Bugloss - geograph.org.uk - 876289.jpg|100px|Viper's-bugloss]]
|-
|-
|[[Dunbartonshire]]||Lesser Water-plantain||Baldellia ranunculoides||Native
|[[Essex]]||Common Poppy||''Papaver rhoeas''||Native||[[File:CornPoppies.JPG|100px|Poppy]]
|-
|-
|[[East Lothian]]||Viper's-bugloss||Echium vulgare||Native
|[[Fermanagh]]||Globeflower||''Trollius europaeus''||Native||[[File:Trollius europaeus 020503.jpg|100px|Globeflower]]
|-
|-
|[[Essex]]||Common Poppy||Papaver rhoeas||Native
|[[Fife]]||Coralroot Orchid||''Corallorrhiza trifida''||Native||[[File:Corallorrhiza_trifida_02_mg-k.jpg|100px|Coralroot orchid]]
|-
|-
|[[Fermanagh]]||Globeflower||Trollius europaeus||Native
|[[Flintshire]]||Bell Heather||''Erica cinerea''||Native||[[File:Grauheide.jpg|100px|Bell heather]]
|-
|-
|[[Fife]]||Coralroot Orchid||Corallorrhiza trifida||Native
|[[Glamorgan]]||Yellow Whitlowgrass||''Draba aizoides''||Native||[[File:Draba aizoides a4.jpg|100px|Yellow whitlowgrass]]
|-
|-
|[[Flintshire]]||Bell Heather||Erica cinerea||Native
|[[Gloucestershire]]||Wild Daffodil||''Narcissus pseudonarcissus''||Native||[[File:Narcissus pseudonarcissus0.jpg|100px|Wild daffodil]]
|-
|-
|[[Glamorgan]]||Yellow Whitlowgrass||Draba aizoides||Native
|[[Hampshire]]||Dog-rose||''Rosa canina''||Native||[[File:Wild rose flower.jpg|100px|Dog-rose]]
|-
|-
|[[Gloucestershire]]||Wild Daffodil||Narcissus pseudonarcissus||Native
|[[Herefordshire]]||Mistletoe||''Viscum album''||Native||[[File:MistletoeInSilverBirch.jpg|100px|Mistletoe]]
|-
|-
|[[Hampshire]]||Dog-rose||Rosa canina||Native
|[[Hertfordshire]]||Pasqueflower||''Pulsatilla vulgaris''||Native||[[File:Pulsatilla vulgaris-700px.jpg|100px|Pasqueflower]]
|-
|-
|[[Herefordshire]]||Mistletoe||Viscum album||Native
|[[Huntingdonshire]]||Water-violet||''Hottonia palustris''||Native||[[File:HottoniaPalustrisInflorescence.jpg|100px|Water-violet]]
|-
|-
|[[Hertfordshire]]||Pasqueflower||Pulsatilla vulgaris||Native
|[[Inverness-shire]]||Twinflower||''Linnaea borealis''||Native||[[File:Linnaea borealis.jpg|100px|Twinflower]]
|-
|-
|[[Huntingdonshire]]||Water-violet||Hottonia palustris||Native
|[[Kent]]||Hop||''Humulus lupulus''||Native||[[File:Humulus.jpg|100px|Hop]]
|-
|-
|[[Inverness-shire]]||Twinflower||Linnaea borealis||Native
|[[Kincardineshire]]||Clustered bellflower||''Campanula glomerata''||Native||[[File:Viper's Bugloss - geograph.org.uk - 876289.jpg|100px|Viper's bugloss]]
|-
|-
|[[Isle of Man]]||Fuchsia||Fuchsia magellanica||Archaeophyte
|[[Kinross-shire]]||Holy-grass||''Hierochloe odorata''||Native||[[File:Hierochloe odorata kz.jpg|100px|Holy-grass]]
|-
|-
|[[Kent]]||Hop||Humulus lupulus||Native
|[[Kirkcudbrightshire]]||Bog-rosemary||''Andromeda polifolia''||Native||[[File:Andromeda polifolia bloom.jpg|100px|Bog-rosemary]]
|-
|-
|[[Kinross-shire]]||Holy-grass||Hierochloe odorata||Native
|[[Lanarkshire]]||Dune Helleborine||''Epipactis leptochila''||Native||[[File:Epipactis leptochila 280705.jpg|100px|Dune helleborine]]
|-
|-
|[[Kirkcudbrightshire]]||Bog-rosemary||Andromeda polifolia||Native
|[[Lancashire]]||Red rose||''Rosa gallica officinalis''||Absent||[[File:Red rose 00090.JPG|100px|Red rose]]
|-
|-
|[[Lanarkshire]]||Dune Helleborine||Epipactis leptochila||Native
|[[Leicestershire]]||Foxglove||''Digitalis purpurea''||Native||[[File:Digitalis-stora hultrum.sweden-15.jpg|100px|Foxglove]]
|-
|-
|[[Lancashire]]||Red rose||Rosa gallica officinalis||Absent
|[[Lincolnshire]]||Common Dog-violet||''Viola riviniana''||Native||[[File:Ulrika - Skogsviol, Viola riviniana (by).jpg|100px|Dog violet]]
|-
|-
|[[Leicestershire]]||Foxglove||Digitalis purpurea||Native
|[[County Londonderry]]||Purple Saxifrage||''Saxifraga oppositifolia''||Native||[[File:Purpsaxifrage2.jpg|100px|Purple saxifrage]]
|-
|-
|[[Lincolnshire]]||Common Dog-violet||Viola riviniana||Native
|[[Merionethshire]]||Welsh Poppy||''Meconopsis cambrica''||Native||[[File:Welsh poppy Meconopsis cambrica.JPG|100px|Welsh poppy]]
|-
|-
|[[County Londonderry]]||Purple Saxifrage||Saxifraga oppositifolia||Native
|[[Middlesex]]||Wood Anemone||''Anemone nemorosa''||Native||[[File:Windflower aka.jpg|100px|Wood anemone]]
|-
|-
|[[Merionethshire]]||Welsh Poppy||Meconopsis cambrica||Native
|[[Midlothian]]||Sticky Catchfly||''Lychnis viscaria''||Native||[[File:Lychnis viscaria1.jpg|100px|Sticky catchfly]]
|-
|-
|[[Middlesex]]||Wood Anemone||Anemone nemorosa||Native
|[[Monmouthshire]]||Foxglove||''Digitalis purpurea''||Native||[[File:Digitalis-stora hultrum.sweden-15.jpg|100px|Foxglove]]
|-
|-
|[[Midlothian]]||Sticky Catchfly||Lychnis viscaria||Native
|[[Montgomeryshire]]||Spiked Speedwell||''Veronica spicata''||Native||[[File:Veronica spicata Glory 2.jpg|100px|Spiked speedwell]]
|-
|-
|[[Monmouthshire]]||Foxglove||Digitalis purpurea||Native
|[[Morayshire]]||One-flowered Wintergreen||''Moneses uniflora''||Native||[[File:Moneses uniflora 300606.jpg|100px|One-flowered wintergreen]]
|-
|-
|[[Montgomeryshire]]||Spiked Speedwell||Veronica spicata||Native
|[[Nairnshire]]||Chickweed Wintergreen||''Trientalis europaea''||Native||[[File:Trientalis-europaea.JPG|100px|Chickweed wintergreen]]
|-
|-
|[[Morayshire]]||One-flowered Wintergreen||Moneses uniflora||Native
|[[Norfolk]]||Common Poppy||''Papaver rhoeas''||Native||[[File:CornPoppies.JPG|100px|Poppy]]
|-
|-
|[[Nairnshire]]||Chickweed Wintergreen||Trientalis europaea||Native
|[[Northamptonshire]]||Cowslip||''Primula veris''||Native||[[File:CowSlipSelsley.jpg|100px|Cowslip]]
|-
|-
|[[Norfolk]]||Common Poppy||Papaver rhoeas||Native
|[[Northumberland]]||Bloody Crane's-bill||''Geranium sanguineum''||Native||[[File:Geranium sanguineum0.jpg|100px|Bloody crane's-bill]]
|-
|-
|[[Northamptonshire]]||Cowslip||Primula veris||Native
|[[Nottinghamshire]]||Autumn Crocus||''Crocus nudiflorus''||Archaeophyte||[[File:Crocus nudiflorus4.jpg|100px|Autumn crocus]]
|-
|-
|[[Northumberland]]||Bloody Crane's-bill||Geranium sanguineum||Native
|[[Orkney]]||Alpine Bearberry||''Arctostaphylos alpina''||Native||[[File:Alpine bearberry in Varrio Nature Reserve, Finland.jpg|100px|Alpine bearberry]]
|-
|-
|[[Nottinghamshire]]||Autumn Crocus||Crocus nudiflorus||Archaeophyte
|[[Oxfordshire]]||Snake's-head Fritillary||''Fritillaria meleagris''||Native||[[File:Snake's head fritillaria.jpg|100px|Snake's-head fritillary]]
|-
|-
|[[Orkney]]||Alpine Bearberry||Arctostaphylos alpina||Native
|[[Peeblesshire]]||Cloudberry||''Rubus chamaemorus''||Native||[[File:Hjortron.jpg|100px|Cloudberry]]
|-
|-
|[[Oxfordshire]]||Snake's-head Fritillary||Fritillaria meleagris||Native
|[[Pembrokeshire]]||Thrift||''Armeria maritima''||Native||[[File:Zawciag nadmorski Ameria maritima maritima.jpg|100px|Thrift]]
|-
|-
|[[Peeblesshire]]||Cloudberry||Rubus chamaemorus||Native
|[[Perthshire]]||Alpine Gentian||''Gentiana nivalis''||Native||[[File:N040728029.jpeg|100px|Alpine gentian]]
|-
|-
|[[Pembrokeshire]]||Thrift||Armeria maritima||Native
|[[Radnorshire]]||Radnor Lily||''Gagea bohemica''||Native||[[File:Gagea probably bohemica seglea.JPG|100px|Radnor lily]]
|-
|-
|[[Perthshire]]||Alpine Gentian||Gentiana nivalis||Native
|[[Renfrewshire]]||Bogbean||''Menyanthes trifoliata''||Native||[[File:Menyanthes-trifoliata-flower.JPG|100px|Bogbean]]
|-
|-
|[[Radnorshire]]||Radnor Lily||Gagea bohemica||Native
|[[Ross-shire]]||Bog Asphodel||''Narthecium ossifragum''||Native||[[File:Narthecium ossifragum verblueht.jpg|100px|Bog asphodel]]
|-
|-
|[[Renfrewshire]]||Bogbean||Menyanthes trifoliata||Native
|[[Roxburghshire]]||Maiden Pink||''Dianthus deltoides''||Native||[[File:Dianthus deltoides Brilliant.JPG|100px|Maiden pink]]
|-
|-
|[[Ross-shire]]||Bog Asphodel||Narthecium ossifragum||Native
|[[Rutland]]||Clustered Bellflower||''Campanula glomerata''||Native||[[File:Dzwonek skupiony Campanula glomerata.jpg|100px|Clustered bellflower]]
|-
|-
|[[Roxburghshire]]||Maiden Pink||Dianthus deltoides||Native
|[[Selkirkshire]]||Mountain Pansy||''Viola lutea''||Native||[[File:Viola lutea subsp.lutea 07072003.JPG|100px|Mountain pansy]]
|-
|-
|[[Rutland]]||Clustered Bellflower||Campanula glomerata||Native
|[[Shetland]]||Shetland Mouse-ear||''Cerastium nigrescens''||Native||[[File:Edmondston's Chickweed, Keen of Hamar CRW 2437.JPG|100px|Shetland mouse-ear]]
|-
|-
|[[Selkirkshire]]||Mountain Pansy||Viola lutea||Native
|[[Shropshire]]||Round-leaved Sundew||''Drosera rotundifolia''||Native||[[File:Drosera-rotundifolia.jpg|100px|Round-leaved sundew]]
|-
|-
|[[Shetland]]||Shetland Mouse-ear||Cerastium nigrescens||Native
|[[Somerset]]||Cheddar Pink||''Dianthus gratianopolitanus''||Native||[[File:Dianthus gratianopolitanus 3.JPG|100px|Cheddar pink]]
|-
|-
|[[Shropshire]]||Round-leaved Sundew||Drosera rotundifolia||Native
|[[Staffordshire]]||Heather||''Calluna vulgaris''||Native||[[File:Calluna vulgaris 1.jpg|100px|Heather]]
|-
|-
|[[Somerset]]||Cheddar Pink||Dianthus gratianopolitanus||Native
|[[Stirlingshire]]||Scottish Dock||''Rumex aquaticus''||Native||[[File:Rumex aquaticus Schwalm GER.jpg|100px|Scottish dock]]
|-
|-
|[[Staffordshire]]||Heather||Calluna vulgaris||Native
|[[Suffolk]]||Oxlip||''Primula elatior''||Native||[[File:Essex Oxlip - geograph.org.uk - 403865.jpg|100px|Oxlip]]
|-
|-
|[[Stirlingshire]]||Scottish Dock||Rumex aquaticus||Native
|[[Surrey]]||Cowslip||''Primula veris''||Native||[[File:CowSlipSelsley.jpg|100px|Cowslip]]
|-
|-
|[[Suffolk]]||Oxlip||Primula elatior||Native
|[[Sussex]]||Round-headed Rampion||''Phyteuma orbiculare''||Native||[[File:5685 - Schynige Platte - Flower.JPG|100px|Round-headed rampion]]
|-
|-
|[[Surrey]]||Cowslip||Primula veris||Native
|[[Sutherland]]||Grass-of-Parnassus||''Parnassia palustris''||Native||[[File:DwNorthernGrassofParnassus.jpg|100px|Grass-of-Parnassus]]
|-
|-
|[[Sussex]]||Round-headed Rampion||Phyteuma orbiculare||Native
|[[Tyrone]]||Bog-rosemary||''Andromeda polifolia''||Native||[[File:Andromeda polifolia bloom.jpg|100px|Bog-rosemary]]
|-
|-
|[[Sutherland]]||Grass-of-Parnassus||Parnassia palustris||Native
|[[Warwickshire]]||Honeysuckle||''Lonicera periclymenum''||Native||[[File:European honeysuckle 800.jpg|100px|Honeysuckle]]
|-
|-
|[[Tyrone]]||Bog-rosemary||Andromeda polifolia||Native
|[[West Lothian]]||Common Spotted-orchid||''Dactylorhiza fuchsii''||Native||[[File:DactylorhizaFuchsii.jpg|100px|Common spotted-orchid]]
|-
|-
|[[Warwickshire]]||Honeysuckle||Lonicera periclymenum||Native
|[[Westmorland]]||Alpine Forget-me-not||''Myosotis alpestris''||Native||[[File:Myosotis alpestris a1.jpg|100px|Alpine forget-me-not]]
|-
|-
|[[West Lothian]]||Common Spotted-orchid||Dactylorhiza fuchsii||Native
|[[Wigtownshire]]||Yellow Iris||''Iris pseudacorus''||Native||[[File:Iris pseudacorus 01.jpg|100px|Yellow iris]]
|-
|-
|[[Westmorland]]||Alpine Forget-me-not||Myosotis alpestris||Native
|[[Wiltshire]]||Burnt Orchid||''Neotinea ustulata''||Native||[[File:Orchis ustulata wiki mg-k02.jpg|100px|Burnt orchid]]
|-
|-
|[[Wigtownshire]]||Yellow Iris||Iris pseudacorus||Native
|[[Worcestershire]]||Cowslip||''Primula veris''||Native||[[File:CowSlipSelsley.jpg|100px|Cowslip]]
|-
|[[Yorkshire]]||Harebell||''Campanula rotundifolia''||Native||[[File:Campanula rotondifolia.jpg|100px|Harebell]]
|}
 
===Other flowers===
In addition to county flowers, Plantlife determined some city and island flowers.  The island flowers are:
 
{|
|-
|-
|[[Wiltshire]]||Burnt Orchid||Neotinea ustulata||Native
| width="25%"|[[File:Fuchsia Magellanica Tas.jpg|100px|Fuchsia]] ||width="25%"| [[File:Dactylorhiza fuchsii hebridensis 01.jpg|100px|Hebridean spotted-orchid]] || width="25%"| [[File:Zawciag nadmorski Ameria maritima maritima.jpg|100px|Thrift]] ||width="100%"| [[File:AnacamptisPyramidalis.jpg|100px|Pyramidal Orchid]]
|-
|-
|[[Worcestershire]]||Cowslip||Primula veris||Native
|[[Isle of Man]]<br/> ''[[Crown dependency]]'' || [[Outer Hebrides]]<br/> ''[[Inverness-shire]] and''<br/>''[[Ross-shire]]'' || [[Isles of Scilly]]<br/>''[[Cornwall]]'' || [[Isle of Wight]]<br/>''[[Hampshire]]''
|-
|-
|[[Yorkshire]]||White Rose||Rosa...|| ?
|Fuchsia<ref>The Isle of Man also has a traditional national flower; the ragwort or ''cushag''</ref><br/>''Fuchsia magellanica'' || Hebridean Spotted-orchid<br/>''Dactylorhiza fuchsii hebridensis'' || Thrift<br/>''Armeria maritima'' || Pyramidal Orchid<br/>''Anacamptis pyramidalis''
|}
|}
==Outside links==
* [http://www.plantlife.org.uk/ PlantLife] charity
* [http://www.plantlife.org.uk/wild_plants/county_flowers/ County flowers page]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
===Books===
* The list of county flowers above is taken from the county flowers page at Plantlife's website [http://www.plantlife.org.uk/wild_plants/county_flowers/].
* County statuses are taken from:
** Stace, C. A., R. G. Ellis, D. H. Kent and D. J. McCosh (2003) ''Vice-county Census Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Great Britain'' Botanical Society of the British Isles
[[Category:British counties| ]]
[[Category:British counties| ]]

Latest revision as of 16:45, 30 July 2014

County flowers are wildflowers representative of counties. A county flower was chosen for each county in the United Kingdom after competitions run by PlantLife, a charity, beginning in 2002.

The PlantLife campaign

Plantlife wanted to commemorate the Queen's Jubilee in 2002 by putting wild flowers on the map, and launched a campaign to ask every county to choose its own wild flower emblem. The nation was asked to choose a wild flower emblem to represent their county or city.

The competitions

In its first year, people were asked to vote for any wild flower that they felt best represented their county. The following year, the competition was whittled down to the top two for each of the 92 counties in the United Kingdom, for the Isle of Man and for the largest cities; 109 in all. The results were announced on 5th May 2004 and are published on PlantLife’s website.

Norfolk was the one example of a change after a flower had been chosen. The initial vote chose alexanders (smyrnium olusatrum), but vocal local feeling against the choice forced a change, and so the common poppy (papaver rhoeas) was chosen instead.

UK's favourite flower

The first round of voting for County Flowers yielded the native bluebell as a clear favourite across the country, topping the list in many of the counties. The bluebell was crowned the wild flower emblem for the whole of the United Kingdom, and was endorsed by the PlantLife's patron, HRH The Prince of Wales.

Why a wildflower emblem?

Flowers are a powerful means of expression - everyone recognises the poppy, iconic image of remembrance for those who fell in battle. The simple dog-rose has appeared on heraldic banners for over a thousand years and many towns and villages are named after plants – Bromley is named after the broom, Ramsey after ramson, otherwise known as wild garlic.

Reasons for the campaign

Plantlife launched the County Flowers campaign in order to highlight the threat that wildflowers are facing in Britain. A recent report from the charity shows that, on average, every county in the United Kingdom is losing one species of wild plant every two years due to habitat loss, pollution and intensive farming.

The flowers chosen

Many of the wildflowers chosen as county flowers are rare. Some are found only in the county or in narrow ranges. Some counties share a flower, for example the pasqueflower is the county flower for Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire, the harebell for County Antrim, Dumfriesshire and Yorkshire.

The following are the flowers selected for the counties of the United Kingdom in Plantlife's 2002 "County Flowers" campaign.

County Common name Scientific name Status
Aberdeenshire Bearberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Native Bearberry
Anglesey Spotted Rock-rose Tuberaria guttata Native Spotted rock-rose
Angus Alpine Catchfly Lychnis alpina Native Alpine catchfly
County Antrim Harebell Campanula rotundifolia Native Harebell
Argyllshire Foxglove Digitalis purpurea Native Foxglove
County Armagh Cowbane Cicuta virosa Native Cowbane
Ayrshire Green-winged Orchid Anacamptis morio Native Green-winged orchid
Banffshire Dark-red Helleborine Epipactis atrorubens Native Dark red helleborine
Bedfordshire Bee Orchid Ophrys apifera Native Bee orchid
Berkshire Summer Snowflake Leucojum aestivum Native Summer snowflake
Berwickshire Rock-rose Helianthemum nummularium Native Rock-rose
Brecknockshire Cuckooflower Cardamine pratensis Native Cuckooflower
Buckinghamshire Chiltern Gentian Gentianella germanica Native Chiltern gentian
Buteshire Thrift Armeria maritima Native Thrift
Caernarfonshire Snowdon Lily Lloydia serotina Native Snowdon lily
Caithness Scots Primrose Primula scotica Native Scottish primrose
Cambridgeshire Pasqueflower Pulsatilla vulgaris Native Pasqueflower
Cardiganshire Bog-rosemary Andromeda polifolia Native Bog-rosemary
Carmarthenshire Whorled Caraway Carum verticillatum Native Whorled caraway
Cheshire Cuckooflower Cardamine pratensis Native Cuckooflower
Clackmannanshire Opposite-leaved Golden-saxifrage Chrysosplenium oppositifolium Native Opposite-leaved golden-saxifrage
Cornwall Cornish Heath Erica vagans Native Cornish Heath
Cromartyshire Spring Cinquefoil Potentilla neumanniana Native Spring cinquefoil
Cumberland Grass-of-Parnassus Parnassia palustris Native Grass-of-Parnassus
Denbighshire Limestone Woundwort Stachys alpina Native Limestone woundwort
Derbyshire Jacob's-ladder Polemonium caeruleum Native Jacob's-ladder
Devon Primrose Primula vulgaris Native Primrose
Dorset Dorset Heath Erica ciliaris Native Dorset heath
County Down Spring Squill Scilla verna Native Spring squill
Dumfriesshire Harebell Campanula rotundifolia Native Harebell
Dunbartonshire Lesser Water-plantain Baldellia ranunculoides Native Water-plantain
County Durham Spring Gentian Gentiana verna Native Spring gentian
East Lothian Viper's-bugloss Echium vulgare Native Viper's-bugloss
Essex Common Poppy Papaver rhoeas Native Poppy
Fermanagh Globeflower Trollius europaeus Native Globeflower
Fife Coralroot Orchid Corallorrhiza trifida Native Coralroot orchid
Flintshire Bell Heather Erica cinerea Native Bell heather
Glamorgan Yellow Whitlowgrass Draba aizoides Native Yellow whitlowgrass
Gloucestershire Wild Daffodil Narcissus pseudonarcissus Native Wild daffodil
Hampshire Dog-rose Rosa canina Native Dog-rose
Herefordshire Mistletoe Viscum album Native Mistletoe
Hertfordshire Pasqueflower Pulsatilla vulgaris Native Pasqueflower
Huntingdonshire Water-violet Hottonia palustris Native Water-violet
Inverness-shire Twinflower Linnaea borealis Native Twinflower
Kent Hop Humulus lupulus Native Hop
Kincardineshire Clustered bellflower Campanula glomerata Native Viper's bugloss
Kinross-shire Holy-grass Hierochloe odorata Native Holy-grass
Kirkcudbrightshire Bog-rosemary Andromeda polifolia Native Bog-rosemary
Lanarkshire Dune Helleborine Epipactis leptochila Native Dune helleborine
Lancashire Red rose Rosa gallica officinalis Absent Red rose
Leicestershire Foxglove Digitalis purpurea Native Foxglove
Lincolnshire Common Dog-violet Viola riviniana Native Dog violet
County Londonderry Purple Saxifrage Saxifraga oppositifolia Native Purple saxifrage
Merionethshire Welsh Poppy Meconopsis cambrica Native Welsh poppy
Middlesex Wood Anemone Anemone nemorosa Native Wood anemone
Midlothian Sticky Catchfly Lychnis viscaria Native Sticky catchfly
Monmouthshire Foxglove Digitalis purpurea Native Foxglove
Montgomeryshire Spiked Speedwell Veronica spicata Native Spiked speedwell
Morayshire One-flowered Wintergreen Moneses uniflora Native One-flowered wintergreen
Nairnshire Chickweed Wintergreen Trientalis europaea Native Chickweed wintergreen
Norfolk Common Poppy Papaver rhoeas Native Poppy
Northamptonshire Cowslip Primula veris Native Cowslip
Northumberland Bloody Crane's-bill Geranium sanguineum Native Bloody crane's-bill
Nottinghamshire Autumn Crocus Crocus nudiflorus Archaeophyte Autumn crocus
Orkney Alpine Bearberry Arctostaphylos alpina Native Alpine bearberry
Oxfordshire Snake's-head Fritillary Fritillaria meleagris Native Snake's-head fritillary
Peeblesshire Cloudberry Rubus chamaemorus Native Cloudberry
Pembrokeshire Thrift Armeria maritima Native Thrift
Perthshire Alpine Gentian Gentiana nivalis Native Alpine gentian
Radnorshire Radnor Lily Gagea bohemica Native Radnor lily
Renfrewshire Bogbean Menyanthes trifoliata Native Bogbean
Ross-shire Bog Asphodel Narthecium ossifragum Native Bog asphodel
Roxburghshire Maiden Pink Dianthus deltoides Native Maiden pink
Rutland Clustered Bellflower Campanula glomerata Native Clustered bellflower
Selkirkshire Mountain Pansy Viola lutea Native Mountain pansy
Shetland Shetland Mouse-ear Cerastium nigrescens Native Shetland mouse-ear
Shropshire Round-leaved Sundew Drosera rotundifolia Native Round-leaved sundew
Somerset Cheddar Pink Dianthus gratianopolitanus Native Cheddar pink
Staffordshire Heather Calluna vulgaris Native Heather
Stirlingshire Scottish Dock Rumex aquaticus Native Scottish dock
Suffolk Oxlip Primula elatior Native Oxlip
Surrey Cowslip Primula veris Native Cowslip
Sussex Round-headed Rampion Phyteuma orbiculare Native Round-headed rampion
Sutherland Grass-of-Parnassus Parnassia palustris Native Grass-of-Parnassus
Tyrone Bog-rosemary Andromeda polifolia Native Bog-rosemary
Warwickshire Honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum Native Honeysuckle
West Lothian Common Spotted-orchid Dactylorhiza fuchsii Native Common spotted-orchid
Westmorland Alpine Forget-me-not Myosotis alpestris Native Alpine forget-me-not
Wigtownshire Yellow Iris Iris pseudacorus Native Yellow iris
Wiltshire Burnt Orchid Neotinea ustulata Native Burnt orchid
Worcestershire Cowslip Primula veris Native Cowslip
Yorkshire Harebell Campanula rotundifolia Native Harebell

Other flowers

In addition to county flowers, Plantlife determined some city and island flowers. The island flowers are:

Fuchsia Hebridean spotted-orchid Thrift Pyramidal Orchid
Isle of Man
Crown dependency		 Outer Hebrides
Inverness-shire and
Ross-shire		 Isles of Scilly
Cornwall		 Isle of Wight
Hampshire
Fuchsia[1]
Fuchsia magellanica		 Hebridean Spotted-orchid
Dactylorhiza fuchsii hebridensis		 Thrift
Armeria maritima		 Pyramidal Orchid
Anacamptis pyramidalis

Outside links

References

  1. ↑ The Isle of Man also has a traditional national flower; the ragwort or cushag

Books

  • The list of county flowers above is taken from the county flowers page at Plantlife's website [1].
  • County statuses are taken from:
    • Stace, C. A., R. G. Ellis, D. H. Kent and D. J. McCosh (2003) Vice-county Census Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Great Britain Botanical Society of the British Isles
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