Calf of Eday
| Calf of Eday | |
 Grey Head, the northern tip of the Calf | |
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| Location | |
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| Location: | 59°13’48"N, 2°43’48"W |
| Grid reference: | HY580393 |
| Area: | 600 acres |
| Highest point: | The Graand, 177 feet |
| Data | |
| Population: | Uninhabited |
The Calf of Eday is an uninhabited island in Orkney, lying north east of Eday, from which it is separated by the Calf Sound. The island is known for its wildlife and its prehistoric ruins.
History
There is a Neolithic chambered cairn in the southwest overlooking Calf Sound, which separates the island from Eday. Rectangular in shape, the cairn was excavated in 1936–37 and contains a small chamber with two compartments and a larger one with four stalls that has a separate entrance and was probably added at a later date.[1] Two similar structures have been identified nearby along with various other ancient ruins.
From the 17th to the 19th centuries, the Calf of Eday was home to a salt works,[2] the remains of which can still be seen to the north of cairns.
The pirate John Gow and his men successfully raided the Hall of Clestrain on 10 February 1725, but when they attempted to attack Carrick House on Eday, they ran aground on the Calf of Eday, where they were captured.[3][4]
Name
The island, in common with every isle of the county, bears a Norse name. Since this is a small island beside a greater 'parent' it is the 'calf' of Eday; other examples of this usage are the Calf of Man and the Horse of Copinsay. The island's name in Norse times was thus Kalfr.
"Eday" in turn is derived from the Old Norse eið ey, meaning "isthmus island".[5][6]
In the 17th century Eday was also known as "Heth Øy" and the Calf's name is recorded by Blaeu as "Calf of Heth Øy".[7]
Wildlife
The dominant vegetation on the island is dry dwarf-shrub heath dominated by Heather (Calluna vulgaris), with smaller areas of wet heath, semi-improved grassland and coastal grassland. The Calf of Eday supports 32 species of breeding birds and is designated as a Special Protection Area for its importance as a nesting area. Gulls and Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) nest in the dry heath and grassland areas, whilst Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis), Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) and auks nest on the cliffs.[8]
See also
References
- ↑ Noble (2006) pp. 116–17
- ↑ Stewart, Walter (mid-1640s) "New Choreographic Description of the Orkneys" in Irvine (2006) p. 24
- ↑ "Overview of John Gow". Gazetteer for Scotland. http://www.scottish-places.info/people/famousfirst2783.html. Retrieved 2007-04-15.
- ↑ "John Gow - The Orkney Pirate". Orkneyjar, the heritage of the Orkney Islands. http://www.orkneyjar.com/history/historicalfigures/pirategow/index.html. Retrieved 2007-04-15.
- ↑ Haswell-Smith p. 386
- ↑ Waugh (2010) p. 550
- ↑ Blaeu, Johan (mid-1654) "Orcadum and Shetlandiæ" in Irvine (2006) p. 33
- ↑ "Calf of Eday SPA Description". Joint Nature Conservation Committee. http://www.jncc.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=1920. Retrieved 2007-11-11.
- Anderson, Joseph (ed.) (1873) The Orkneyinga Saga. Translated by Jón A. Hjaltalin & Gilbert Goudie. Edinburgh. Edmonston and Douglas. The Internet Archive. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
- Haswell-Smith, Hamish (2004). The Scottish Islands. Edinburgh: Canongate. ISBN 1841954543.
- Irvine, James M. (ed.) (2006) The Orkneys and Schetland in Blaeu's Atlas Novus of 1654. Ashtead. James M. Irvine. ISBN 0-9544571-2-9
- Noble, Gordon (2006) Neolithic Scotland: Timber, Stone, Earth and Fire. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-2338-8
- Waugh, Doreen, "On eið-names in Orkney and other North Atlantic islands" in Sheehan, John and Ó Corráin, Donnchadh (2010) The Viking Age: Ireland and the West. Proceedings of the Fifteenth Viking Congress. Dublin. Four Courts Press. ISBN 978-1-84682-101-1
| Islands of Orkney |
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Inhabited islands: |