Blackburnshire

The River Calder in Whalley

Lonsdale

Lonsdale

Amounderness

Blackburn

Leyland

Salford

West Derby

Hundreds of Lancashire

Blackburnshire or the Hundred of Blackburn is one of the six hundreds of Lancashire. Its chief town, after which it is named, is Blackburn, in the northwest of the hundred. Blackburnshire covers an area of eastern Lancashire including much of the Ribble Valley and the towns of Bacup, Blackburn, Burnley and Hyndburn.

Much of the area is hilly, bordering on the Pennines, with Pendle Hill in the midst of it, and until the Industrial Revolution it was sparsely populated. In the Middle Ages much of the hundred was within several important royal forests. In the 18th century, several towns in the area became industrialized and densely populated.

History

In Domesday Book of 1086, the Hundred of Blackburn was among the hundreds between the Rivers Ribble and Mersey, which area was called Inter Ripam et Mersam and listed alongside the Cheshire entries, although local historians conclude that this area cannot be said clearly to have then been considered part of Cheshire.

At Domesday the area was predominantly woodland, and was known as the great forest of Blackburnshire. Domesday states the forest to be 6 leagues long and 4 leagues wide, which could be as much as 216 square miles. It also shows that the land had been held directly by King Edward. After the Norman conquest, much of the great forest was established as royal hunting grounds, and was divided into the four forests of Accrington, Pendle, Trawden and Rossendale.

Feudal period

In 1102, King Henry I granted the whole of Blackburnshire and part of Amounderness to Robert de Lacy, the Lord of Pontefract, while confirming his possession of the Lordship of Bowland. These lands formed the basis of the Honour of Clitheroe. Subsequently most of the parish of Ribchester, except the township of Alston-with-Hothersall, and in the parish of Chipping, vills of Aighton and Dutton and parts edging the Forest of Bowland belonging ecclesiastically to the parish of Great Mitton were annexed to Blackburnshire.

The separateness of the district was reinforced when it became a royal bailiwick in 1122. In 1182, it was included as part of Lancashire, apparently then newly created as a county.

By 1243 it is believed that there were 57 manors in the hundred:

• Held in demesne were: Colne, Great and Little Marsden, Briercliffe, Burnley, Ightenhill, Habergham, Padiham, Huncoat, Hapton, Accrington, Haslingden, Downham, Worston, Chatburn and Little Pendleton.
• Held by thegnage were: Twiston, Chipping, Thornley, Wheatley, Ribchester, Dutton, Dinckley, Henthorn, Wilpshire, Clayton-le-Dale, Salesbury, Osbaldeston, Samlesbury, Read, Simonstone, Oswaldtwistle, Livesey, Birtwistle, Church, Cliviger and Worsthorne.
• Held by knight's service were: Little Mitton, Wiswell, Hapton, Towneley, Coldcoats, Snodworth, Twiston, Extwistle, Aighton, Great Mearley, Livesey, Downham, Foulridge, Little Mearley, Rishton, Billington, Altham, Great Harwood, Clayton le Moors, and Walton in le Dale.

Modern period

Blackburnshire

The early Diocese of Blackburn was unusual in having only two parishes, each covering a considerable but sparsely populated area. Whalley (now a much smaller parish) was the larger of the two, and covered the east of the hundred, while Blackburn parish covered the west. Chipping and parts of Ribchester and Mitton were subsequently added to the hundred, but not to the diocese.

As Blackburnshire became more heavily populated and economically developed, the parishes of Whalley and Blackburn were split into many smaller parts over the centuries:

• The ancient parish of Blackburn contained Blackburn, Little Harwood, Ramsgreave, Salesbury, Clayton-le-Dale, Mellor, Witton, Pleasington, Over Darwen, Lower Darwen, Eccleshill, Tockholes, Livesey, Walton-Le-Dale, Cuerdale, Samlesbury, Balderston, Osbaldeston, Billington, Wilpshire, Dinckley, Great Harwood, Rishton. It also included Yate and Pickup Bank with extra-parochial status.
• The ancient parish of Whalley contained Whalley, Clitheroe, Chatburn, Worston, Mearley, Bowland With Leagram, Mitton, Henthorn And Coldcoats, Pendleton With Pendleton Hall, Standen And Standen Hey, Wiswell, Church, Oswaldtwistle, Huncoat, Altham, Clayton-Le-Moors, Old Accrington, New Accrington, Haslingden, Higher Booths, Lower Booths, Henheads, Newchurch in Pendle, Burnley, Habergham Eaves, Briercliffe With Extwistle, Worsthorne With Hurstwood, Cliviger, Ightenhill Park, Reedley Hallows, Filly Close And New Laund Booth, Padiham, Simonstone, Read, Hapton, Higham With West Close Booth, Heyhouses, Dunnockshaw; Goldshaw Booth, Barley With Wheatley Booth, Rough Lee Booth, Wheatley Carr Booth, Old Laund Booth, Colne, Marsden, Barrowford Booth, Foulridge, Trawden, Downham, and Twiston.

Blackburnshire became a separate archdeaconry, splitting off from the archdeaconry of Manchester, in 1877.

Outside links

• Entry for Blackburn at domesdaybook.co.uk
• Hundred of Blackburn

Books

• Crosby, A. (1996). A History of Cheshire. (The Darwen County History Series.) Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Phillimore & Co. Ltd. ISBN 0-85033-932-4.
• Harris, B. E., and Thacker, A. T. (1987). The Victoria History of the County of Chester. Volume 1: Physique, Prehistory, Roman, Anglo-Saxon, and Domesday. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-722761-9.
• Morgan, P. (1978). Domesday Book Cheshire: Including Lancashire, Cumbria, and North Wales. Chichester, Sussex: Phillimore & Co. Ltd. ISBN 0-85033-140-4.
• Phillips A. D. M., and Phillips, C. B. (2002), A New Historical Atlas of Cheshire. Chester, UK: Cheshire County Council and Cheshire Community Council Publications Trust. ISBN 0-904532-46-1.