Dorset Downs

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The top of the downs from above Cerne Abbas
The Dorset Downs shown within Dorset

The Dorset Downs are an area of chalk downland in the centre of Dorset. The downs are the most western part of a larger chalk formation which also includes (from west to east) Cranborne Chase, Salisbury Plain, the Hampshire Downs, the Chiltern Hills, the North Downs and the South Downs.[1]

Physical geography

The Dorset Downs are bounded on the north, along the steep scarp face, by the Blackmore Vale, a large clay and limestone valley. On the east, the Downs were once, thousands of years ago, continuous with Cranborne Chase, but the River Stour now cuts a valley between them, which is the location of Blandford Forum and the eastern boundary of the downs. From the northern scarp face, the hills dip gently southwards before the chalk disappears beneath the Bagshot Beds which form the heathlands of the county, between Dorchester and Wareham. South of the River Frome, the chalk reappears in a narrower strip, forming coastal cliffs east of Weymouth and, further east, the steep ridge of the Purbeck Hills. This southerly strip of the visible chalk (sometimes referred to as the South Dorset Downs or South Dorset Ridgeway) continues westwards behind Weymouth, and rejoins the main body of the downs at their western extremity at Eggardon Hill. In the west the chalk dips down under marl.

Together with Cranborne Chase, the Dorset Downs have been designated as National Character Area 134 by Natural England, the UK Government's adviser on the natural environment. In Dorset this area is bounded by the Dorset Heaths and Weymouth Lowlands to the south, the Marshwood and Powerstock Vales to the west and the Blackmore Vale to the north.[2]

The main land uses on the downs are arable agriculture, woodland and calcareous grassland, a habitat which is growing as farmers are encouraged to set land aside with subsidies. Chalk is a rough rock and the Dorset Downs hold a large water table which acts as a reservoir (water)|reservoir of drinking water for much of the county. This property of chalk also means there are many seasonal rivers, called winterbournes, which flow depending upon the level of the water table.

Hills

Hills in the Dorset Downs include:

Places of interest

References

  1. Uplift, Erosion and Stability: Perspectives on Long-term Landscape Development ed. by Smith, Bernard J., Whalley Wilfred B. and Warke Patricia A. (1999), Geological Society Special Publication No. 162, Bath. Accessed on 3 Apr 2013.
  2. Dorset Downs and Cranborne Chase – Natural England