Hambledon Hill
| Hambledon Hill | |||
| Dorset | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 Earthworks on Hambledon Hill | |||
| Range: | Cranborne Chase | ||
| Summit: | 630 feet ST845126 50°54’44"N, 2°13’13"W | ||
Hambledon Hill is a lone hill in Dorset, dominated by the earthworks of a prehistoric hill fort. It is found in the Blackmore Vale five miles north of Blandford Forum. The hill is a chalk outcrop, on the south-western corner of Cranborne Chase, separated from the Dorset Downs by the River Stour.
The hill fort, one of a series in Dorset, is of the Iron Age. It has some of the most spectacular earthworks, which has transformed the shape of the original hill. The hill has belonged to the National Trust since 2014.
Prehistory
The earliest revealed occupation of the hill was in the Neolithic age, when a pair of causewayed enclosures were dug at the top of the hill, one smaller than the other. They were linked by a bank and ditch running north-west to south-east. Two long barrows, one 223 feet in length, also stood within the complex and a third enclosure is now known to underlie later earthworks. In all, the area of activity covered more than 250 acres. Excavations in the 1970s and 1980s by Roger Mercer produced large quantities of Neolithic material. Environmental analysis indicated the site was occupied whilst the area was still wooded with forest clearances coming later, in the Bronze Age. The charcoal recovered seems to have come from timber lacing within the Neolithic earthworks.
Radiocarbon analysis gives a date of 2850 BC. At least one skeleton, of a young man killed by an arrow was found, seemingly connected with the burning of the timber defences and suggesting at least one phase of violence. A single grape pip and a leaf fragment is evidence of vine cultivation and the occupants seem to have traded with sites further to the south west.
The ditches of the enclosures also contained significant quantities of pottery as well as red deer antler picks used to excavate them. Human skulls had been placed right at the bottom of one of the enclosure ditches. Animal bone analysis suggests that most of the meat was consumed in late summer and early autumn, possibly indicating seasonal use of the site. Different material was found in different areas of the site suggesting that Hambledon Hill was divided up into zones of activity. The original interpretation was that the large causewayed enclosure was used as a mortuary enclosure for the ritual disposal of the dead and veneration of the ancestors with attendant feasting and social contact taking place in the smaller enclosure.
Little remains of the Neolithic activity and the site is more easily identified as a prime example of an Iron Age hill fort. It was originally univallate but further circuits of banks and ditches were added increasing its size to 31 acres. Three entrances served the fort, the south western with a hornwork 100 yards long surrounding it. Hut platforms can be seen on the hillside. The site appears to have been abandoned around 300 BC possibly in favour of the nearby site of Hod Hill.
Hambledon Hill is the first in a series of Iron Age earthworks,[1] which continues with Hod Hill, Spetisbury Rings, Buzbury Rings, Badbury Rings and Dudsbury Camp. The Iron Age port at Hengistbury Head forms a final Iron Age monument in this small chain of sites.
Battle of Hambledon Hill
The Clubmen were a third force in the Civil War, aligned to neither Crown nor Parliament, but striving to protect their land from being despoiled by foraging troops of either side. They armed themselves with clubs and agricultural implements and gathered in large numbers to protect their fields, especially in Dorset. Between 2,000 and 4,000 of them encamped on Hambledon Hill in August 1645. There were large numbers of Cromwell's troops in the area at that time, after the siege of Sherborne Castle.
Cromwell ordered that the Clubmen be dispersed and his well-equipped New Model Army soon drove them away on 4 August. The leaders were arrested but Cromwell sent most home saying they were 'poor silly creatures'.[2][3][4]
Conservation
The hill is now a National Nature Reserve with common plants including milkwort, salad burnet, horseshoe vetch, squinancywort, pyramidal orchid and wild thyme. Rarer species include bastard toadflax, meadow saxifrage, early gentian and dwarf sedge. Butterflies include dingy skipper, grizzled skipper, chalkhill blue and adonis blue.[5]
In August 2014, Hambledon Hill was bought by the National Trust.
Outside links
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("Wikimedia Commons" has material about Hambledon Hill) |
References
- ↑ ‘Hill Forts of the Stour Valley’ by David E. C. Jardine, 1985, Bournemouth Local Studies Publications
- ↑ The Clubmen of Dorset The Dorset Page by Brian Tompkins, 2000
- ↑ Battle of Hambledon Hill World History Database, Accessed September 2012
- ↑ Hambledon Hill page 236, The Concise Encyclopedia of the Revolutions and Wars of England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1639-1660, ISBN 0810851008
- ↑ Hambledon Hill NNR Natural England, Accessed September 2012
- Roger Mercer, Frances Healey: Hambledon Hill, Dorset, England. Excavation and survey of a Neolithic monument complex and its surrounding landscape. Volume 1. English Heritage, 2008. ISBN 978-1-905624-59-1.
- Roger Mercer: Hambledon Hill. A Neolithic Landscape. Edinburgh U.P., 1980. ISBN 978-0-85224-406-7.