Penton Hook Island
Penton Hook Island is a mainly wooded former peninsula in the River Thames at Laleham in Middlesex. It was created into a series of three weir-divided islands in a series of river modifications since 1815. It has the lock and weirs that are the divide between the Laleham Reach, above Chertsey Lock and Staines Reach, above Penton Hook Lock.
Geographical features
At this point the natural course of the river forms naturally almost a complete loop, a hook shape of a peninsula which is attached to the towpath (here, Middlesex) bank in the form of walk-over, relatively wide, lock gates. The long hook or spit of land forms today a series of three weir-divided islands in the River Thames, adjacent to Penton Hook Lock. It has been since at least the mediæval period the southern extremity of Staines-upon-Thames. Across the river are neighbours Penton Hook Marina, Penton Hook Yacht Club and riverside homes of Thorpe, Surrey, to the west and riverside homes of Laleham Reach, Chertsey to the south and east, the latter being the most distant part of Chertsey from the town itself.
Its low-lying periodic winter flood meadow has deterred habitation. It is more robustly protected from initiatives to construct on green field sites by being part of the Metropolitan Green Belt settled national planning policy.[1]
The three sluice-controlled barrages allow control of the river at its highest by the construction of the large weir at the apex of the long loop and further weirs along the narrow north section.[2]
The uninhabited island in public ownership is fairly wooded and is used for nature conservation and appreciation. The west has a backwater dug out to provide a fish refuge when the stream is strong and a fish spawning stream constructed in 1999. The island has many paths laid out for viewing its trees, squirrels, nesting birds, fish and waterfowl. These particularly cater for angling; for the Thames two permits are issued by the Environment Agency.
History
The island was created when Penton Hook Lock was built, although before the lock was built in 1815, Thames waters would often flood across the neck of the "hook". The section of river has long been the subject of weirs for fishing and to improve boating for fishing and trade.[1]
The monks of Chertsey Abbey understood they could use the re-doubling of the river on itself here to construct today's Abbey River, their leat (mill stream) from the Thames south of the Island past their Abbey in Chertsey before the Thames. This benefited 300 let farrens (parts) for horse and cow grazing on their bypassed flood meadow to the south, each at more than £1 per year, Laleham Burway, which revenue contributed to and ownership dispute between Chertsey and Westminster Abbeys in 1278. Westminster's almost adjacent built-up settlement (manor) of Laleham was enlarged by four acres in return for repudiating all claims to this very large well-drained meadow to Chertsey.[3]
During the 18th century, the city of London, which administered this stretch of the river, made a number of attempts to abolish the fish-weirs which impeded navigation. There had been at least one weir near Staines in the Middle Ages: it was called Savoury's Weir or Deep Weir and was probably by the curve in the river near Riverside Drive. The city authorities constructed the lock across Penton Hook in 1815 because of frequent floods.—Victoria County History for Middlesex, 1962, Susan Reynolds (Ed.)[1]
References
- Location map: 51°24’42"N, 0°30’7"W
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 'Staines: Introduction' A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3, ed. Susan Reynolds (London, 1962), pp. 13-18
- ↑ Penton Hook - River Level on weir-side measure over 48 hours Environment Agency. Accessed 2015-04-15
- ↑ 'Spelthorne Hundred: Laleham' A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3, ed. Susan Reynolds (London, 1962), pp. 13-18
