Clent Hills
The Clent Hills are a range of modest hills in north-eastern Worcestershire. They lie 10 miles south-west of Birmingham city centre by the village of Clent. The closest towns are Stourbridge and Halesowen.
The main hills of the range, in order from north-west to south-east, are:
- Wychbury Hill
- Clent Hill and Adams Hill
- Walton Hill and Calcot Hill.
The north Worcestershire range of hills continues eastwards to include Romsley Hill, Waseley Hills and the Lickey Hills.[1][2]
Clent Hill is the most popular hillwalking hill in the range, [3] though publications generally treat the Clent Hills as a whole.
Because the Clent Hills are adjacent to the conurbation of the Black Country and Birmingham, they draw may folk from the cities seeking clear air and exercise.
Historical interest
Clent appears in the Domesday Book as "Klinter". Once part of a Mercian forest, the hills contain the remains of a multi-vallate, Iron Age hillfort on Wychbury Hill. Whether a battle was fought here with the invading Romans as some local histories assert, is perhaps mere speculation.[4]
The Clent Hills are graced with several classically inspired architectural works from about the 1750s. Most of them are in the private grounds of Hagley Hall but most of them are visible from public areas. Lord Lyttelton of Hagley Hall constructed the Wychbury Obelisk on Wychbury Hill in 1758, which is visible for many miles, even from the Clee Hills of Shropshire. Lord Lyttelton also had constructed many other follies including a Temple of Theseus, other small Greek and Roman temples, a full sized ruined mock castle, as his lands did not contain a real one, and The Four Stones on top of Clent Hill.[5]
The Clent Hills are also well known for their role in the legend of St Kenelm, who was murdered on a hunting trip at the north-eastern slopes of Clent Hill in AD 821. The church of St Kenelm in the parish of Romsley marks the site of his murder. The church is the starting point of the sixty-mile walk, St Kenelm's Trail. One source of the River Stour is within the grounds of St Kenelms church.
Beacons
In 1588 a beacon was placed on the Bicknall as part of the chain set up to warn of the approach of the Spanish Armada.[6]
For Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee A E. Housman watched the beacons from summit of Walton Hill. He wrote in a letter to his mother that at 10 o'clock the night of 22 June 1897 (the hour designated for the event) he could see 52 just to the south and west. He did not try to count those northwards because "it was hard to tell the beacons from the ordinary illuminations of the Black Country".[7] The one on the Malvern Hills was so large that during the day it had been visible from Walton Hill, and as it was saturated with paraffin it burned very brightly but only for an hour. By 2 o'clock, Houseman wrote that in the distance two could still be seen still burning somewhere near the Brown Clee, and three nearer, one towards Droitwich, one on Kinver Edge (it continued to burnt brightly until dawn), and the Clent Hill beacon which was not near the summit but on the south-west face.[7]
In 1977 a bonfire beacon was built close to the summit of Walton Hill and lit on the 6 June as one of a national chain that started with one lit by the Queen at Windsor Castle to mark the Silver Jubilee. Another was lit on 4 June 2012 for the Diamond Jubilee. It was 12 feet high and 8 feet wide, and situated on Clent Hill close to the Four Stones.[8]
Conservation
The summits of the two largest hills, Clent Hill and Walton Hill are now the property of the National Trust. Clent Hill Common was managed by a Board of Conservators from 1881 to 1959. Walton Hill Common became regulated common land (under Commons Act 1899) in 1935. Both commons and the woodlands between them were given by Worcestershire County Council and Bromsgrove Rural District Council to the National Trust in 1959. Both hills were then managed by a Management Committee of the National Trust until 1974, when the committee became advisory only. Both the Conservators and Management Committee were largely funded by contributions from neighbouring local authorities, particularly in the Black Country. In 1974, the hills became a country park, managed by Hereford & Worcester County Council under the Countryside Act 1968. In 1995, management reverted to the National Trust, which set up a new Advisory Committee in 2000.
View
The hills rise to a height of 1,037 feet on Walton Hill, with views over the Malvern Hills, Kinver Edge, The Wrekin, Wenlock Edge, Shatterford Hill, Clee Hills and back round to Kidderminster, Stourbridge, Dudley, Halesowen and Turners Hill. On a clear day the view even extends to the Black Mountains of Brecknockshire, the Cotswolds, the Peak District and Charnwood Forest. A toposcope indicates the mountains which may be visible. Manmade landmarks visible from the hills include Dudley Castle, the large Droitwich AM transmitters near Bromsgrove, the large silos on the British Sugar Corporation land in Kidderminster, Ironbridge Power Station, near Telford and the nearby Wychbury Obelisk.
The views ensure that the Clent Hills are popular with hillwalking visitors and local ramblers groups. The hills are criss-crossed with many public footpaths. A popular means of access to Clent Hill is from Nimmings car park, off Hagley Wood Lane. From this an easy access walk route leads to the ridge. Another popular access is from the public car park on Adams Hill. the hamlet (part of the parish of Clent) and the slope that form the south-west flank of Clent Hill.
Geography
The hills along with the Lickey Hills form a range of hills in north Worcestershire known as the Clent-Lickey range (or the Clent-Lickey ridge).[9][10] The largest of the Clent Hills is Walton Hill which is 1,037 feet high followed by Clent Hill at 1,014 feet. They are separated by a valley known as St Kenelm's Pass, which starts as an escarpment one side of which along with the sides of the two hills falls away towards Uffmoor Wood; water flowing down this slope enters streams which become the River Stour. Close to the top of the escarpment, but just on the other side, stands High Harcourt Farm (which belongs to the National Trust,[11] but its farm land is not open to the public). Below the farm the escarpment falls away and becomes a sharp V valley in which a stream flows down into Clent village. Where the valley sides are at their steepest the Walton Hill side of the valley is known as Clatterbach. In the past, before steam power replaced water power, the stream in the valley was dammed at regular intervals to provide power for watermills. The remains of one such dam can be seen behind the Vine Inn in Clent which was once a mill.[12]
Either side of the two largest hills are two more hills. Beside Clent Hill is Wychbury Hill and beside Walton Hill is Calcot Hill. Calcot Hill is not really a separate hill but at the end of a long spur which runs from the summit of Walton Hill for about a mile. There is a public footpath along the spur joining the two hills. Alongside the spur is another deep V shaped valley which was also dammed at frequent intervals to provide power to its mills. This stream flows on to the village of Belbroughton in which the Nash Crown Scythe Works used the water to power its machinery. On the other side of the valley is Romsley Hill, the valley banks of which are covered by Great Farley Wood beyond Romsley Hill are a number of lower hills (Windmill, Chapman's and Waseley) which join the Clent Hills to the Lickey Hills in one continuous chain.
The National Trust land on the hills encompass 0.68 miles of woodland (both natural deciduous and coniferous forest plantations) and heathland, important for wildlife including Fallow Deer and Common Buzzard, plus visiting Ring Ouzel and Common Crossbill.
Geology
The Clent Hills are a major outcrop of the Clent Formation consisting of Clent Breccia (predominantly a red-brown mudstone matrix).[13]
Cultural influence
The poet William Shenstone lived at The Leasowes and was a near neighbour of the Lyttelton family at Hagley Hall. Shenstone garden at The Leasowes was one of the most notable gardens in Britain in the mid-1700s and his Unconnected Thoughts on Gardening on of the more influential of the age.[14]
On 30 August 1746 William Lyttelton called at The Leasowes with his friend the poet James Thomson. Shenstone later wrote a letter about the encounter which was published in 1800.[15]
After introductions and a conversation inside the house about a valley and the brook that Lyttelton and Thomson passed on their way to The Leasowes and which had much impressed Thompson for its beauty, Shenstone invited the pair to view the vista from the green behind his house. They conversed about a small nearby feature called Farmers Hill and Thomson suggested that Shenstone should extend his garden, but Shenstone explained to him that he would rather take which was already there and augment it "The French, it appears, have their [P]arque ornèe; and why is not Ferme ornèe as good an expression?". As his guests could not stay long owing to a dinner engagement they were unable to visit Shenstone's upper wood, but warming to Shenstone suggestion on how to improve the landscape Shepstone wrote that the conversation continued thus:
"You have nothing to do (says [Thompson]) but to dress Nature. Her robe is ready made; you have only to caress her; love her; kiss her; and then – descend into the valley." Coming out into the court before the house, he mentioned Clent and Walton Hill as the two bubbies of Nature: then Mr L. observed the nipple, and then Thomson the fringe of Uphmore wood; till the double entendre was work'd up to a point, and produced a laugh.[15]
In June 2012 poet & writer Helen Calcutt was appointed the first writer-in-residence of the Clent Hills, in association with The National Trust volunteer team.[16] The poet spent three months interviewing visitors to the hills, transcribing their reflections into verse. The result of the project was the poem 'Poem to Clent', lines from which can be found en route to the Four Stones, on the new Clent Hills archway, launched in December 2012.[17]
Outside links
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("Wikimedia Commons" has material about Clent Hills) |
- Location map: 52°24’55"N, 2°5’12"W
- Clent Hills
- BBC's Alternative Tourist Map of Britain
- St Kenelm's Trail
- The National Trust[1]
- The Birmingham Press [2]
- Helen Calcutt [3]
References
- ↑ Geological Society of London (1855). The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. 11. The Society. p. 190.
- ↑ Irons, Dave (1994). "North Worcestershire Hills Marathon". The Long Distance Walkers Accociation. http://www.ldwa.org.uk/ldp/members/show_path.php?path_name=North+Worcestershire+Hills+Marathon.
- ↑ Royle, Julie (20 October 2008). "Local walks: Clent Hills". Worcester News. http://www.worcesternews.co.uk/features/countrynews/localwalks/3772865.Clent_Hills/.
- ↑ J. Amphlett, History of Clent
- ↑ There is another folly castle on the Clent Hills, it is located on the lower slope of Adams Hill known as Clent Castle).
- ↑ Staff. "Clent Hills: History: Spanish Amada". National Trust. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. http://web.archive.org/web/20110629103229/http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-vh/w-visits/w-findaplace/w-clenthills/w-clent-hills-history/w-clent-hills-spanish-armada-2.htm. Retrieved 21 July 2010.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Houseman, Alfred Edward (25 June 1897). "to Lucy Houseman". in Burnett, Archie. The letters of A.E. Housman. 2. Oxford University Press. pp. 96,97. ISBN 0-19-818496-4.
- ↑ HN staff (10 May 2012). "Scouts to light Clent beacon to mark Queen's jubilee". Halesowen News. http://www.halesowennews.co.uk/news/9699256.Scouts_to_light_Clent_beacon_to_mark_Queen_s_jubilee/.
- ↑ Mee, Arthur (1948). Cambridge county Geographies:Worcestershire (4 ed.). Cambridge University Press (CUP) Archive. p. 14.
- ↑ Ferriday, Alan (1961). A regional geography of the British Isles (revised ed.). Macmillan. pp. 152,153.
- ↑ "Feeney Trust and the Clent Hills". The Feeny Trust. 6 September 2013. http://www.feeneytrust.org.uk/about/clent-hills.html. Retrieved November 2013.
- ↑ "Vine Inn, Clent". http://www.vineinnclent.com/. Retrieved August 2011.
- ↑ BGS staff. "The BGS Lexicon of Named Rock Units — Result Details: Clent Formation (CLT)". British Geological Survey. http://www.bgs.ac.uk/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?pub=CLT. Retrieved March 2012.
- ↑ "Neoclassical > Landscapes & Gardens > Descriptions > William Shenstone (1714--63)". http://www.en.utexas.edu/Classes/Moore/neoclassical/neoGardDesc3.htm.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Philological Society (Great Britain) (March 1800). The European magazine: and London review. 37. Printed for J. Fielding. p. 198. (reprinted in the April edition of The Edinburgh magazine, or Literary miscellany)
- ↑ Press, Birmingham. "Clent Hills; Writer in Residence appointed". Birmingham Press. http://www.thebirminghampress.com/2012/09/04/clent-hills-writer-in-residence-appointed/.
- ↑ Trust, National. "Things to see & do". National Trust. http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/clent-hills/things-to-see-and-do/.