River Rhondda
The River Rhondda flows south through the famous Rhondda Valley in Glamorgan, from the edge of the Brecon Beacons to enter the River Taff at Pontypridd.
The Rhondda is formed of two major tributaries, the Rhondda Fawr ("Great Rhondda") and the Rhondda Fach ("Little Rhondda"). Despite these names, both tributaries are of similar length. Each has its own valley, which are typically U-shaped glaciated valleys in carboniferous sandstone and coal measures. The two join together at Porth.
The whole form of the river and its surrounding urbanisation has been dominated by coal mining and the communities that grew up to exploit the rich coal seams. Much of the valley has suffered severe subsidence because of the removal of coal from beneath the valley floor. The houses and streets have subsided with the result that river levels are, in parts, higher than the surrounding houses. In order to contain the river and prevent flooding, walls have been built, sometimes across the ends of streets - these are known as The Rhondda walls.
Course
The Rhondda Fawr has its source near Llyn Fawr in a spring called Ffynnon y Gwalciau. The main head stream, Nant Carn Moesen, runs down a plateau slope for about two miles before descending sharply through a mountain gorge to the foot of Pen Pych.[1] The river runs through Blaenrhondda where it is joined by the Nant y Gwair through a classic example of a hanging valley, and runs down the Rhondda Valley. The river then passes through a string of mining towns and villages including Treherbert, Treorchy, Pentre, Ton Pentre, Ystrad Rhondda, Llwynypia, Tonypandy, Dinas and Porth, where the Rhondda fach joins it.
The Rhondda Fach rises very close to the Rhondda Fawr on the hills above Blaenrhondda in a marshy area between Mynydd Beili Glas and Mynydd Bwllfa.[2] The fledgling river is first contained in the Lluestwen reservoir before flowing down into Maerdy and then on through Ferndale, Tylorstown, and Ynyshir before joing its sister tributary at Porth.
Below Porth the Rhondda passes through and Trehafod before its waters pour themselves into the River Taff at Pontypridd.
Improving water quality
The mining industry had a catastrophic impact on the quality of the river with all the mine waters being pumped straight into the river with no treatment. For very long periods, probably more than a century, the river was continuously black with coal solids and little if anything could live in the river. This was compounded by the very basic sewage disposal arrangements which saw all the sewage discharged into the same river. Not until the 1970s was there real investment made in improving the sewage treatment arrangements.
Since the early 1970s the river has been steadily improving in quality largely due to the closure of all the coal mines and through the investment in sewerage and sewage treatment.
Outside links
Books
- Lewis, E.D. (1959). The Rhondda Valleys. London: Phoenix House.