Moridunum (Carmarthen)
| Moridunum | |
|
Carmarthenshire | |
|---|---|
 Roman amphitheatre at Carmarthen | |
| Type: | Roman fort |
| Location | |
| Grid reference: | SN410204 |
| Location: | 51°51’36"N, 4°18’36"W |
| Town: | Carmarthen |
| History | |
| Built c. 75 AD | |
| Information | |
Moridunum was a Roman fort and town in the Roman province of Britannia. Today it is known as Carmarthen, in Carmarthenshire.
Fort
The name ‘Moridunum’ is from the old British language and means "sea fort". It was the civitas capital of the Demetae tribe and was recorded by Ptolemy and in the Antonine Itinerary. The initial fort is believed to date from about AD 75, possibly replacing the hillfort on Merlin's Hill. The fort lasted until about 120, when the associated civilian vicus took over and the place became a town.
Town
A street-grid was laid out in the town and a public bath house built, and possibly a mansio. The forum and basilica were probably under the most built-up area of the present town on the cardo or main street. There were narrow shops fronting the streets, as well as evidence of metalworking. Large domestic homes of timber were rebuilt in stone in the late 3rd or early 4th century. A 1st/2nd century Romano-Celtic style temple has also been excavated. A turf bank and ditch was erected around the town in the mid-2nd century and a stone wall added some time later.
Amphitheatre
East of the old town is one of only seven surviving Roman amphitheatres in the United Kingdom (51°51’44"N, 4°17’47"W). It has the only above-ground Roman remains in the town, and was excavated in 1968. The arena itself is 150 feet by 90 feet. The circumference of the cavea seating area is 300 feet by 220 feet [1] It had stone walls and wooden seating and was much larger than would be expected for the size of the town.
After the Romans
The addition of 'Caer' ("fort") gave the town its modern Welsh name 'Caerfyrddin' which was anglicized as 'Carmarthen'. A popular folk etymology misinterprets the name as "Fort of Myrddin" (Merlin), though Celticist A. O. H. Jarman suggests that instead the name Myrddin was derived from Carmarthen's name.[2]
Michael Veprauskas has argued for the Post-Roman settlement's identification as the 'Cair Guorthigirn', meaning ("[Fort of Vortigern") listed by Nennius in ‘’Historia Brittonum’’ among the 28 cities of Britain.[3]
Outside links
 |
("Wikimedia Commons" has material about Moridunum (Carmarthen)) |
References
- ↑ icarus.umkc.edu (subscription site).
- ↑ Koch, John T. (2006). Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 321. ISBN 1-85109-440-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC. Retrieved November 23, 2009.
- ↑ Veprauskas, Michael. [www.vortigernstudies.org.uk/artgue/mikecaer.htm "The Problem of Caer Guorthigirn" at Vortigern Studies]. 1998.
| Major towns of Roman Britain |
|---|
|
Capitals: Londinium (London) • Eboracum (York) • Camulodunum (Colchester) |
|
Caesaromagus (Chelmsford) • Calleva Atrebatum (Silchester) • Corinium Dobunnorum (Cirencester) • Deva Victrix (Chester) • Durovernum Cantiacorum (Canterbury) • Durnovaria (Dorchester) • Glevum (Gloucester) • Isca Augusta (Caerleon) • Isca Dumnoniorum (Exeter) • Isurium Brigantum (Aldborough) • Lactodurum (Towcester) • Lindum Colonia (Lincoln) • Luguualium (Carlisle) • Moridunum (Carmarthen) • Noviomagus Reginorum (Chichester) • Petuaria (Brough) • Ratae Corieltauvorum (Leicester) • Venta Belgarum (Winchester) • Venta Silurum (Caerwent) • Verulamium (St Albans) • Viroconium Cornoviorum (Wroxeter) |
|
Lost: Alchester (Wendlebury) • Bannaventa (Northamptonshire) • Cunetio (Wiltshire) • Venta Icenorum (Norfolk) |