Dutch Church, Austin Friars
| Dutch Church, Austin Friars | |
|
London, Middlesex | |
|---|---|
 The Dutch Church | |
| Protestant Church in the Netherlands | |
| Location | |
| Location: | 51°30’56"N, 0°5’8"W |
| Address: | 7 Austin Friars |
| History | |
| Built 1354, rebuilt 1950–1954 | |
| Mid twentieth century architecture | |
| Information | |
| Website: | dutchchurch.org.uk |
The Dutch Church, Austin Friars (Dutch: Nederlandse Kerk Londen), is a church if the Protestant Church in the Netherlands[1] in the Broad Street Ward of the City of London, Middlesex. It stands on the site of the 13th-century monastery of Augustinian friars ('Austin friars')
The original building here was granted to Protestant refugees for their church services in 1550. As such, it is the oldest Dutch-language Protestant church in the world,[2] and is known in the Netherlands as the mother church of all Dutch reformed churches.
The church was destroyed during the London Blitz. The present church was built between 1950 and 1954[1]
The church is designated a Grade-II listed building.[3]
History
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The original church was a monastic priory known as the Austin Friars, London, also known as the Augustinian order, founded around 1253[4] by Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford (d. 1275).
In 1499, Perkin Warbeck was buried here: he had been the figurehead of a rebellion against King Henry VII, in which he pretended to be Prince Richard, the lost son of King Edward IV, and was executed on 23 November 1499[5] The priory was dissolved under Henry's son, King Henry VIII, in November 1538.[6]
The City of London attempted to buy the church of the friary from the Crown in 1539 and again in 1546 but was rebuffed. In 1550, London's community of "Germans and other strangers" was granted the use of the friary church's nave;[7] the rest of the church was used as a storehouse, with the monuments sold for £100 and the lead stripped from the roof. The choir, tower and transepts were demolished in 1600.
The nave became the first official nonconformist chapel in England under its Polish-born superintendent John a Lasco (known in Poland as Jan Łaski) who had founded a preaching house for a group of Protestant refugees mainly from the Low Countries. The mostly Dutch and French speaking "strangers" were granted a royal charter on 24 July 1550 that allowed them to establish a Stranger Church and this was incorporated by letters patent from King Edward VI. Upon incorporation, the church was named the "Temple of the Lord Jesus" and had four pastors: two for Dutch and two for the French-Walloon who by the 1580s began using St Anthony's Chapel in Threadneedle Street.
By 1570, the Dutch community was the largest group of expatriates in London, numbering 5,000 out of the 100,000 total population of the time. About half of the Dutch in London were Protestants who fled the Flemish Low Countries due to religious persecution. Others were skilled craftsman, including brewers, tile makers, weavers, artists, printers and engravers, who came to England for economic opportunities. Engraver Martin Droeshout, famous for his 1623 portrait of William Shakespeare, was among the Flemish Protestant emigrants who arrived in London.[1]
A century later, the arrival of William of Orange and his accession to the throne brought a second wave of Dutch emigrants to London. This second group included noblemen, bankers, courtiers, merchants, architects and artists.[1]
20th century
In the night of 15–16 October 1940, just a decade before the Dutch Church celebrated its 400th anniversary, the mediæval building was completely destroyed by German bombs. The church's collection of rare books including Dutch Bibles, atlases and encyclopaedias had been moved out of London for safe-keeping one day before the bombing raid that destroyed the building. Today the collection is housed in the church library and includes a multilingual Bible published by the Plantin Press of Antwerp in 1569–1571, and a 1649 atlas of all the cities in the Low Countries by Willem Blaeu. The church's manuscript collection and original charter are kept in the London Metropolitan Archives. The church's library collection is currently being digitalised and a launch date for the online catalogue of September 2015 has been announced.
The foundation stone of the new church was laid on 23 July 1950 by the 10-year-old Princess Irene of the Netherlands. The new church, built to the design of Arthur Bailey, was completed in 1954. The new building is a concrete box frame, externally clad in Portland stone. It features 1950s stained glass by Max Nauta, Hugh Ray Easton and William Wilson. The church possesses detailed archives,[8] and is a popular tourist attraction.[9]
In 2000, the church celebrated its 450th anniversary; Prof. Keetie E Sluyterman at the University of Utrecht published a book about the church and its history, De Kerk in de City.[1][10]
21st century
The church remains active today, with weekly Dutch-language church services, confirmation classes, and meetings for various groups. The church also does outreach to the Dutch community in London, including ministering to the elderly. The church is home to two other UK registered charities: The Netherlands Benevolent Society (NBS) and The Dutch Centre. On 24 April 2015, Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands was honorary guest in the Dutch Church for a jubilee celebration to mark 150 years since the founding of the NBS. On the same day the Dutch Centre was officially opened by Laetitia van den Assum, Ambassador of the Netherlands to the United Kingdom, Liesbeth Knook, Chairman of the Church Council and Paul Beiboer, General Manager of London branch of Rabobank.
Outside links
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Reinier Salverda. "The Dutch Church in London Past and Present". Digital Library for Dutch Literature. http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_low001199401_01/_low001199401_01_0057.php. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
- ↑ The Dutch Church (Digital Library for Dutch Literature)
- ↑ National Heritage List 1376620: The Dutch Church
- ↑ Tabor, M.: 'The City Churches' (The Swarthmore Press, 1917) page 32
- ↑ The Third 'Prince in the Tower': Post-Classical History
- ↑ Page, p.512
- ↑ Holder, Nick: 'The Friaries of Mediæval London: From Foundation to Dissolution' (Woodbridge: Boydell, 2017) pp. 121, 126, 130; ISBN 9781783272242
- ↑ Guide to the City Churches, Betjeman, J: Andover, Pitkin, 1974 ISBN 0-85372-112-2.
- ↑ UK Attractions: The Dutch Church
- ↑ De Kerk in de City, Sluyterman, K.E. Hilversum, Verloren, 2000 ISBN 90-6550-609-8.