Lactodurum

Lactodurum was a town in Roman Britain, which has become the modern town of Towcester, in Northamptonshire.

Towcester lays claim to being the oldest town in Northamptonshire and possibly, because of the antiquity of recent Iron Age finds in the town, to be one of the oldest continuously inhabited settlements in the country. There is evidence that it was settled since the Mesolithic era (middle Stone Age). There is also evidence of Iron Age burials in the area.

Watling Street

Watling Street, looking north

In Roman times, the long road across the land we know as Watling Street (essentially the A5) was built through the area and Lactodorum, probably a garrison fort, was established on the site of the present day town.

Some local people believe that the original pre-Roman settlement was about half a mile to the south of the present town, at the top of the hill at the crossing of a section of north–south road which became part of the Roman Watling Street and an east–west cattle drovers' road (now a minor road called 'cow pastures'), and that there was a small trading post type of settlement there.

In AD 61 was fought the Battle of Watling Street between the Romans and Queen Boudicca: Two candidate sites for the battlefield are located close to the town, at Church Stowe four miles to the north and Paulerspury three miles to the south.

The fort was soon replaced by a civilian settlement which may have grown out of the surrounding vicus. Late 1st century timber buildings were replaced in stone the following century, and included a possible mansio. By the mid-2nd century, there were numerous shops lining the roadsides. 3rd and 4th century private residences were decorated with tesselated pavements and painted with decorative plaster.

Town wall

Lactodorum was encompassed by a wall that was strengthened at several points by stone and brick towers. The wall was also surrounded by a ditch part of which became the Mill Leat on the east side of the town. The modern day St Lawrence's Church in Towcester is thought to occupy the site of a large Roman civic building, possibly a temple; although there was also a bath house in this area. Small fragments of Roman pavement can be seen next to the Church's boiler room.

The Roman suburbs consisted of timber and cob buildings within small rectilinear plots, probably representing small holdings. However, there was also evidence of much industry: smithing, pottery, lead, pewter and bronze working.

Location

• Location map: 52°7’52"N, -0°59’20"W

References

• Burnham, Barry C; Wacher, John (1990). The Small Towns of Roman Britain. London: B T Batsford.