Olveston
| Olveston | |
| Gloucestershire | |
|---|---|
| Location | |
| Grid reference: | ST603863 |
| Location: | 51°34’30"N, 2°34’23"W |
| Data | |
| Postcode: | BS32 |
| Local Government | |
| Council: | South Gloucestershire |
Olveston is a small village in Gloucestershire, found in the south of the county at the very edge of the levels beside the broad estuary of the River Severn. The parish of Olveston comprises the villages of Olveston and Tockington, and the hamlets of Old Down, Ingst and Awkley. Alveston.
The M4 and M48 motorways diverge just west of the village, connected respectively to the two great bridges over River Severn into Monmouthshire.
The parts hereabouts have been inhabited since the Stone Age, and the salt marshes that made up almost half of the parish, were progressively drained in Roman and Anglo-Saxon times. A sea wall was constructed at the same time to prevent flooding from the nearby estuary of the River Severn.
The area contains an ancient woodland, Wildacre, owned and operated by the Woodland Trust.
Parish Church
The parish church is St Mary the Virgin. It was built around 1170 and rebuilt in 1370. It was struck by lightning in 1605 and the bells, spire and much of the chancel were destroyed. The tower was rebuilt the following year, and the church has been restored and enlarged in later years. Parish registers survive from 1561.
The church contains the funerary brass (dated to 1506), and was the burial place, of Sir Walter Denys (d.1506) and his father Maurice Denys (d.1466), esquire, both lords of the manor, seated at Olveston Court.
The Denys Family of Olveston Court
The remains of the mediaeval fortified manor of Olveston Court stand on the western outskirts of the village. It was for a while the seat of the Denys family of nearby Siston who had inherited Olveston manor, together with nearby Alveston, Earthcott Green, Siston and a moiety of Aust together with the rights of the Hundred Court of Langley, in 1380 on marriage to Margaret Corbet, granddaughter of Sir Peter Corbet (d.1362) Lord of Caus, Shropshire. In addition to these Gloucestershire lands, the manors of Lawrenny in Pembrokeshire and Hope-juxta-Caus in Shropshire were also inherited.[1] The Inquisition post mortem of Sir Gilbert Denys, taken at Chipping Sodbury on 25 June 1422, records:
Gilbert Denys held of the King in chief in his demesne as of fee by knight service the manors of Alveston and Earthcott and the Hundred of Langley, total annual value £19 5s. There are in the manor of Alveston 40s assize rents and £6 rents of tenants at will at Michaelmas, Christmas, Easter and the Nativity of St. John the Baptist in equal portions, 300 acres pasture worth yearly 5d an acre, and a 20 acre meadow worth yearly 12d an acre. There are in the manor of Earthcott 40s rents of tenants at will. The Hundred of Langley is worth 40s yearly.
By a charter dated at Olveston on 20th Jan. 1420, shown to the jurors, he held jointly in tail male with his wife Margaret (2nd. wife Margaret Russell), who survives, the manor and advowson of Olveston, reversion to Gilbert's kinsman Nicholas Denys for life, remainder to the right heirs of Gilbert, by feoffment of Robert Stanshawe, John Broune, Robert Coderyngton and John Vaghorn, vicar of St. Nicholas, Bristol. The manor is held of the Bishop of Bath & Wells of the King, service unknown, annual value £20.[2]
It is likely the Hundred Court of Langley, under the hereditary jurisdiction of the Denys's, met within the precincts of Olveston Court, which would also have had its own manorial court. The Denys family had lived in Glamorgan during the 13th and 14th centuries, most lately at Waterton, near Ewenny Priory in the Coity Lordship.[3] The family, it seems, temporarily moved to Olveston Court from Siston in 1422, when the widow of Sir Gilbert Denys (d.1422) obtained Siston as her dower, passing a life interest in it to her younger 2nd husband John Keymes. Keymes died in 1477, upon which the Denys family regained vacant possession of Siston. However it seems they had become accustomed to Olveston Court since it was in Olveston church that both Maurice Denys (d.1466) and his eldest son Sir Walter Denys (d.1506) were buried, in the middle of the choir as the Denys monumental brass (dated 1505) in the church states. The brass states that they were each in succession lord of the manor of Alveston and Irdecote (Earthcott Green). Also probably born at Olveston Court was Maurice's 3rd son Hugh Denys (d.1511), by his second wife Alice Poyntz, daughter of Nicholas Poyntz of Iron Acton. Hugh Denys was Groom of the Stool to King Henry VII, an important figure in the management of the royal and national finances.[4] Sir Walter Denys was by Katherine Stradling, daughter of Sir Edward Stradling of St. Donat's Castle, Glamorgan, being therefore Hugh Denys's half-brother. On the death of Sir Gilbert Denys in 1422, Stradling had obtained the valuable wardship and marriage of his 12 year old heir Maurice, whom he had married off to his daughter Katherine. Katherine appears to have died very soon after giving birth to Walter. Katherine's mother was Joan Beaufort, the illegitimate daughter of Cardinal Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester, a son of John of Gaunt, by Alice FitzAlan, daughter of 11th Earl of Arundel. Beaufort became a member of the regency government on the accession of his infant nephew as Henry VI in 1422. Stradling, probably through the influence of Beaufort, had obtained the licence to marry off his young nephew John Kemeys of Began, Monmouth, to Sir Gilbert Denys's widow, Margaret Russell. It was this latter marriage which forced the Denys family from Siston to reside at Olveston Court until Kemeys's death in 1477.
The will of Sir Gilbert Denys appointed Henry Beaufort as an overseer, perhaps suggesting a connection from Gilbert's early military service under John of Gaunt. In his will Denys had requested his widow to take a vow of chastity, which clearly was made impossible by Sir Edward Stradling who had married her off to John Kemeys within 7 months of Gilbert's death.
Non-Conformist Chapels
St. Mary's church parish register also includes details of births and burials of Quakers, who had a Meeting House in the village for nearly 200 years. Methodist chapels were built in Olveston (1820), Tockington (1840), Awkley (1856) and Old Down (1933).
Montserrat
Joseph Sturge (1793–1859), born in nearby Elberton, was a member of the Quaker Meeting. He bought a plantation on the island of Montserrat in order to demonstrate that slavery was unnecessary, and named it Olveston,[5] which is now a village on the island.
Population and Industry
The census of 1851 shows about 50 farms, and that the parish was mainly agricultural up to the time of the Second World War. The associated trades of blacksmith, saddler and carpenter etc. were supplemented by stonemasons and lime burners, there being good quality limestone in the parish.
After the mechanisation of farming, and the growth of the aircraft industry at nearby Patchway and Filton, the parish gradually became a home for commuters.
Outsidel links
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("Wikimedia Commons" has material about Olveston) |
References
- ↑ Margaret Corbet had inherited on the death of her brother William, on 25/8/1378. His Inquisition post mortem, taken at Alveston 4/10/1378, lists all these possessions. (cal.inq.p.m. Richard II, vol xv, nos.26-30, 26:Glos.) Gilbert Denys was similarly possessed per his inq.p.m. taken at Chipping Sodbury 25/6/1422, cal inq.p.m.Henry V no.933.
- ↑ Cal. Inq.p.m. 6-10 Henry V, no.933, p.333
- ↑ Chantler, P. History of the Ancient Family of Dennis of Gloucestershire, South Molton, 2010.
- ↑ For the career of Hugh Denys see: Starkey, David, The Virtuous Prince, 2008. Chapter 16 which explains how Denys was vital in facilitating Henry VII's "reign of fiscal terror".
- ↑ Olveston and Aust website