Lutudarum
Lutudarum was a town in Roman Britain, somewhere in the middle part of Derbyshire. The town is believed to have been at either Wirksworth or nearby Carsington, although Matlock and Cromford are other candidates. The town is recorded as Lutudaron between Derventio (Little Chester in modern Derby) and Veratino (Rocester) in the Ravenna Cosmography's list of all known places in the world in about 700 AD.[1][2]
Derbyshire was important for lead-mining in Roman Britain. Numerous lead ingots (pigs) have been found in Derbyshire, four in Sussex in 1824 and nine around Kingston upon Hull with LVT, LVTVM or LVTVDARVM marked on them. In 1777 a lead pig found at Cromford had the inscription IMP CAES HADRIANI AVG MET LVT (an abbreviation of 'Imperatoris Caesaris Hadriani Augusti Metalli Lutudarensis', which translates as 'Property of Caesar Hadrian Augustus from the Lutudarum mines'. In 1848 a lead ingot weighing over 176 lb and inscribed C.IVL.PROTI.BRIT.LVT.EX.ARG was found in 1848 at Hexgrave Park near Mansfield. In 1975 two such lead pigs were found near Yeaveley a mile north of the Roman road (now Long Lane) that linked the forts at Rocester and Derventio. These were marked SOCORIVM LVTVD meaning 'the Lutudarium Company'. The finds at Hull are thought to indicate that lead was sent by boat from Derbyshire down the River Trent and then the Humber river to the Roman port of Peturia (Brough on Humber) for shipping elsewhere by sea.
The name 'Lutudarum' may have been derived from the British language term Lud meaning 'ashes', referring to the heaps of waste material from lead production.[3][4][5]
Lutudarum is acknowledged as being the administrative centre of the Roman lead mining industry in Britain.[6] Research and field work to discover its location in the White Peak (southern limestone area of the Peak District) have focused on sites at Wirksworth and Carsington.[7][8]
The Street, a Roman road from Aquae Arnemetiae (Buxton) and The Portway road from Navio (at Brough) converged on this area.
Excavations in the 1980s discovered remains of a Roman settlement at Carsington, including a villa or farmstead, a group of other buildings and various artefacts, including two pigs of lead (weighing about 110 lb each).[9] Reproductions of these lead ingots are on display in the Buxton Museum. Evidence of lead working was also found such as off cuts of lead sheets, lead slag and pits containing galena ore.[5] The settlement was permanently flooded beneath Carsington Water reservoir in 1992. No remains of Roman buildings have been found in Wirksworth, although in 1735 the Roman coin hoard 'of the five emperors' was found there.[6] It was also a local mediæval centre and is the probable junction of several Roman roads.[10]
Wirksworth is recorded in the Domesday Book in 1086 with a church, three lead works and the largest population of the ancient market towns in the Peak District.[11] The 1723 map of Brassington Moor shows The Street road from Buxton up to the Upper Harborough Field Gate, which leads onto Brassington Lane towards Wirksworth. In records from 1613 the road from Brassington to Wirksworth is called 'Highe Streete'.[12]
References
- ↑ Breeze, Andrew (9 November 2011). "The Name of Lutudarum, Derbyshire" (in en). Britannia 33: 266–268. doi:10.2307/1558864. SSN 1753-5352. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/britannia/article/name-of-lutudarum-derbyshire/5FA47FDC872896DB51A764F99001A771.
- ↑ "Britannia in the Ravenna Cosmography". http://www.kmatthews.org.uk/Ravenna_Cosmography/group12.html.
- ↑ Josephine Dool and Roy Hughes (1976). "Two Roman pigs of lead from Derbyshire". Derbyshire Archaeological Journal 96: 15–16. https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-2300-1/dissemination/pdf/096/DAJ_v096_1976_015-016.pdf.
- ↑ Shone, Anton (2006). "DERBYSHIRE MISCELLANY Vol 17 Part 5". https://www.derbyshireas.org.uk/DM17-05.pdf.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Patterson, Mark (2016). Roman Derbyshire. Five Leaves Publications. pp. 284–298. ISBN 978-1910170250.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Hart, C. R. (1981). The North Derbyshire Archaeological Survey: To A.D. 1500. North Derbyshire Archaeological Trust. ISBN 9780950770703.
- ↑ Branigan, Keith (1985). "Lost towns of Roman Britain: 2. Lutudarum". Popular Archaeology 6: 39–41.
- ↑ Hart, C R (1984). The North Derbyshire Archaeological Survey. Derbyshire Archaeological Society. pp. 83–108.
- ↑ "Carsington: A Roman Settlement". https://www.wondersofthepeak.org.uk/facts/carsington-a-roman-settlement/.
- ↑ Shone, Anton (2009). "Origins and history of Wirksworth: Lutudarum and the Peak District before the Norman Conquest.". https://duffieldcommunityorchard.files.wordpress.com/2014/03/wirksworth-history-lutudarum.pdf.
- ↑ "The lost town of Lutudarum is Wirksworth in the Derbyshire Dales, England". http://www.lutudarum.com/.
- ↑ Anton Shone and Dean Smart (27 January 2019). "The Street: A re-evaluation of the Roman road from Wirksworth to Buxton". http://www.wirksworthromanproject.co.uk/download/i/mark_dl/u/4012767328/4635968015/TheStreet3ed.pdf.
