Glen Shiel
Glen Shiel, also known as Glenshiel, is a glen that forms a parish in the extreme south-west of Ross-shire. The parish forms a salient into Inverness-shire such that of the neighbouring five parishes, only Kintail to the north is in Ross. The surrounding Inverness-shire parishes are Kilmorack to the north-east, Urquhart and Glenmoriston to the east, Kilmonivaig to the south and Glenelg to the south-west.
The glen runs approximately nine miles from south-east to north-west, from the Cluanie Inn (708 feet) at the western end of Loch Cluanie and the start of Glenmoriston to sea level at the village of Shiel Bridge and Loch Duich.[1] The northern side of the glen lies within the Kintail and Morvich estate owned by the National Trust for Scotland.[2]
Roads
The A87 Road to the Isles runs the full length of the glen, reaching a high point of 890 feet two miles west of the Cluanie Inn.[3] The remnants of the military road connecting Fort Augustus to the Bernera barracks in Glenelg built between 1750 and 1784 by William Caulfeild, the successor to General Wade, can be seen a quarter of a mile west of the Cluanie Inn.[4]
Geography
The North Glen Shiel ridge that forms the northern side of the glen consists of the Five Sisters of Kintail (Sgùrr na Ciste Duibhe, Sgùrr na Càrnach, Sgùrr Fhuaran, Sgùrr nan Spàinteach and Sgùrr nan Saighead) in the lower part of the glen, and Sàileag, Sgùrr a' Bhealaich Dheirg and Aonach Meadhoin in the upper part.
To the south of the glen, the South Glen Shiel (or South Cluanie) ridge (Creag a' Mhàim, Druim Shionnach, Aonach air Chrith, Maol Chinn-dearg, Sgùrr an Doire Leathain, Sgùrr an Lochain and Creag nan Damh) occupies the upper part, and in the lower part are The Saddle, according to W. H. Murray "the best mountain of the region both in distant shape and close acquaintance,"[5] and Sgùrr na Sgine.[6] From Glen Shiel these last two mountains are only accessible by the side glens – Allt Mhalagain is the most popular – that run off Glen Shiel, unlike the North and South Glen Shiel ridges whose slopes can be reached directly as they run along the glen.
John Macleod writes of the glen that:
The descent of Glen Shiel, on the road to Skye, takes you through one of Scotland's most spectacular mountain passes: it is almost a cliché of Highland scenery – foaming river, burns streaming white, crags frowning from on high, often mist, generally rain. The road winds, turns and falls. Here and there the eye catches a tumbled ruin.—[7]
The river running down the glen is the river Shiel, which flows into Loch Duich.[4]
Flora and fauna
The glen contains native tree species such as common alder, downy birch, sessile oak and rowan. Parts of the northern flanks of the upper glen have been afforested with a mix of Scots pine, Sitka spruce and Norway spruce. Glen Shiel is within the Forestry Commission's Fort Augustus Forest Division, and in a 2008 report the Commission wrote "Consideration is being given to restoration of ancient woodland sites in dramatic landscapes like the Great Glen and Glen Shiel."[8]
Notable plant species growing on the grassy flanks of the mountains include fragrant orchid, butterfly orchid, pale butterwort and mountain azalea (Loiseleuria procumbens).[9]
Herds of red deer and wild goats roam the glen.[10]
The Battle of Glen Shiel
The Battle of Glen Shiel took place on 10 June 1719 midway up the glen. It was fought between the British government and an alliance of Jacobites and Spaniards, and resulted in a victory for the British forces. It was the last close engagement of British and foreign troops on mainland British soil. The battle is sometimes considered an extension of the 1715 rising, but is more correctly a separate rebellion and was the only rising to be extinguished by a single military action.[11] It is "Scotland's only battle site with contemporary remains still visible – including the stone dyke enclosure where the Jacobite munitions were stored".[12] The natural strength of the Jacobite position, which was positioned on easily defendable crags in the glen, had been increased by hasty fortifications. A barricade had been constructed across the road, and along the face of the hill on the north side of the river entrenchments had been thrown up. Here the main body was posted, consisting of a Spanish regiment, Clan Cameron of Lochiel with about 150 men, about 150 of Lidcoat’s and others, Rob Roy MacGregor with 40 men, 50 men of Clan Mackinnon and 200 from the Clan MacKenzie. British forces included 150 grenadiers under Major Milburn, Montagu’s Regiment, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Lawrence, a detachment of 50 men under Colonel Harrison, Huffel's Dutch Regiment, four companies of Amerongen's regiment from the Clan Fraser, Clan Ross and the Clan Sutherland, 80 men of Clan MacKay, Clayton’s Regiment, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Reading and about 100 men of the Clan Munro under George Munro of Culcairn.[13]
One of the peaks on the northern side of the glen, Sgùrr nan Spàinteach (Peak of the Spaniards), derives its name from the 200 Spanish troops[14] who fought a rearguard action on the side of the defeated Jacobite rebels and who retreated over the peak.[13] This peak's parent mountain is Sgùrr na Ciste Duibhe, which means peak of the black chest. Irvine Butterfield writes that "although some of the coins they [the Spanish soldiers] dropped were later found there is no mention that they fell from a black chest [...] the black chest is in reality the deep hollow of the Allt Dearg on the south-west slope [of Sgùrr na Ciste Duibhe]."[15]
The painting The Battle of Glenshiel 1719 by the Flemish painter Peter Tillemans (c. 1684–1734)[16] shows the opposing forces in the glen; the figures in the foreground probably include Lord George Murray and Rob Roy MacGregor on the Jacobite side and General Joseph Wightman on the British side.[17] This "highly accurate"[18] painting, which hangs in the Scottish National Portrait Gallery, was originally catalogued as The Battle of Killiecrankie, 1689.[18]
Prince Charlie's Stone
The steep south-west slopes of Sgùrr na Ciste Duibhe contain a large boulder known as "Prince Charlie's Stone", where Charles Edward Stuart, known as "Bonnie Prince Charlie", spent a day in the summer of 1746 hiding from English troops once he had left the Isle of Skye. At the time he had a £30,000 bounty on his head, having fled after the Battle of Culloden.[19] After he reached Glen Shiel, Charles was sheltered by the "Seven Men of Glenmoriston", who "lived in a cave called Corriedhoga, high in Glenmoriston where the glen closes toward Loch Cluanie", some 10 miles to the east of Glen Shiel. They sheltered the prince for a week during July 1746, vowing
That their backs should be to God and their faces to the Devil; that all the curses the Scripture did pronounce might come upon them and all their posterity if they did not stand firm to the Prince in the greatest danger...—[20]
References
- ↑ Murray, p. 251
- ↑ National Trust for Scotland information on Kintail Accessed 28 January 2009
- ↑ OS Landranger, 33, Loch Alsh, Glen Shiel & Loch Hourn
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Murray, p. 252
- ↑ Murray, p. 276
- ↑ The Munros, ed. D. Bennet, SMC, 1985, pp. 158–61, 172–7
- ↑ John Macleod, Highlanders: A History of the Gaels, London: Sceptre, 1997, ISBN 0340639911 p. 24
- ↑ Forestry Commission Scotland, All Forests Visitor Monitoring: Survey of visitors to FCS forests, p. 7. Accessed 29 January 2009
- ↑ Douglas Botting, Wild Britain: A Traveller's and Naturalist's Handbook, London: Ebury Press, 1988, ISBN 0852236093 p. 182
- ↑ Wild Britain: A Traveller's and Naturalist's Handbook, London: Ebury Press, 1988, ISBN 0852236093 p. 182
- ↑ Michael Lynch, Oxford Companion to Scottish History, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 349, ISBN 978-0-19-923482-0
- ↑ National Trust for Scotland information on the battle Accessed 28 January 2009
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 A. H. Millar, F.S.A. Scot. The Battle of Glenshiel, 10 June 1719. Note upon an Unpublished Document in the Possession of His Grace the Duke of Marlborough. For Spanish retreat, see p. 68. Accessed 28 January 2009
- ↑ Murray, p. 278. Other sources give the figure as 300
- ↑ Irvine Butterfield, The Magic of the Munros, Newton Abbot: David & Charles, 1999, ISBN 0715321684 p. 134
- ↑ Peter Tillemans on Artnet Accessed 30 January 2009
- ↑ National Galleries of Scotland online collection Accessed 30 January 2009
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Provenance of The Battle of Glenshiel 1719 Accessed 1 February 2009
- ↑ John Macleod, Highlanders: A History of the Gaels, London: Sceptre, 1997, ISBN 0340639911 p. 173
- ↑ John Prebble, Culloden, London: Penguin, 1967, p. 303
Bibliography
- W. H. Murray, The Companion Guide to the West Highlands of Scotland, 7th ed., Glasgow: William Collins, 1977.