Wheatley, Oxfordshire
| Wheatley | |
| Oxfordshire | |
|---|---|
 The Old Village Lock-up in Wheatley | |
| Location | |
| Grid reference: | SP598057 |
| Location: | 51°44’49"N, 1°8’20"W |
| Data | |
| Population: | 3,905 (2001, parish total) |
| Post town: | Oxford |
| Postcode: | OX33 |
| Dialling code: | 01865 |
| Local Government | |
| Council: | South Oxfordshire |
| Parliamentary constituency: |
Henley |
| Website: | Wheatley Parish Council |
Wheatley is a large village in Oxfordshire, about five miles east of Oxford. Wheatley lies in the valley of a small stream which runs eastwards through the centre of the village to join the River Thame below. The stream used to be in the open, with stepping stones for people to cross it, but it is now in a culvert that runs under the High Street.
The most celebrated sight of the village is Wheatley Windmill.
Archaeology
There was a Roman villa on Castle Hill, about a mile southeast of the parish church. It was excavated in 1845, and Roman coins dating from AD 260 to 378 and fragments of Roman pottery and Roman tiles were found.
Manor
The village had its beginnings in the Anglo-Saxon era. In 1883 a Saxon cemetery was excavated, and artefacts removed from it are housed in the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. In the 13th century Wheatley was part of the property of the Abbey of Abingdon and in 1279 was described as a hamlet of Cuddesdon.
Wheatley manor house was enlarged and improved in 1601, and bears an inscription on the front stating T.A. 1601, which stands for Thomas Archdale, the then owner. It still retains its original appearance whereas most of the other old cottages and buildings have been restored.
Churches
The parish church of St Mary the Virgin was built in the 18th century. Samuel Wilberforce, Bishop of Oxford, disliked the building and had it rebuilt in 1855-1857 by the Oxford Diocesan architect, G. E. Street.[1]
The tower has a peal of six bells,[2] four of which came from the former 18th century church. There is also a Russian bell from Troitsa, thought to have been claimed as a spoil of war and given to the church early in the 20th century.
- Church of England: St Mary The Virgin
- United Reformed Church: Wheatley URC. It was built as a Congregational church in 1842–1843 on the site of the old tannery.
- Roman Catholic: Our Lady of Lourdes in Crown Road
There was once also an independent church in the old Granary building at 30 Church Road. Many Wheatley residents talk of having attended Sunday School at the 'mission', which is how a generation usually identify the church.
Economic and social history
One of Wheatley's main industries was quarrying Cotswold limestone; stone form here was used for building Windsor Castle, Merton College, Oxford, local cottages and ecclesiastical buildings, most of which were erected between the 13th and 18th centuries. Other occupations included faggot cutting and ochre cutting, the ochre being crushed at the windmill which still stands today.
There were two windmills on the hill southwest of the village. One was a post mill which burnt down in 1875. The other, Littleworth Mill, is a tower mill that dates from before 1671. It has been rebuilt and re-equipped a number of times, including in 1784 when the Eagle Ironworks, Oxford supplied some of the machinery. The tower mill had fallen out of use by 1915, but since 1977 the Wheatley Mill Restoration Society has been restoring it.[3]
Wheatley once had ten public houses. A plaque on a gable of the King's Arms in Church Street says that it was built in 1756.
In 1719 the Stokenchurch Turnpike Act turned the main road into a turnpike. Stagecoaches between the Golden Cross in Oxford and London travelled by way of the Old Road over Shotover Plain to the west of the village. Many of Wheatley's inns had an upper entrance in Church Road and another in the High Street to accommodate the change of horses. The George coaching inn opposite the manor house is now a house with courtyards.
The village lock-up, built in 1834, is a pyramid-shaped stone structure standing near the edge of the former quarry site. It has a heavy padlocked door and the floor space is about six feet square with a headroom of about eight feet. In the 19th century it was used to lock up drunks overnight before sending them to the justices in Oxford. More recently it has been opened every May Day, though not for the original purpose: for a small charge visitors can be locked up for five minutes or so, and given a certificate to prove it.
Wheatley railway station was opened in 1864 as part of an extension of the Wycombe Railway from Thame to Oxford. The railway linked the village to Oxford, Princes Risborough, High Wycombe and Maidenhead. British Railways closed the line and Wheatley station in 1963. Kelham Hall Drive and Kimber Close have been built on the site of the station.
Shotover House is the home of Lt Col Sir John Miller, who was Crown Equerry to Queen Elizabeth II. In 1888 his grandmother gave the building known as the Merry Bells to the villagers for use as a temperance hotel as she was saddened to see so much hardship caused by drunkenness. Today the building houses a new public library and is a significant social centre of the village; ironically, it now has a licence to serve alcoholic beverages.
In the 20th century the Lady Spencer Churchill teacher training college was built on the north side of Wheatley. In 1976 the college merged with Oxford Polytechnic, which has since become Oxford Brookes University.
In 1974 the M40 motorway was extended from High Wycombe to Junction 8 at Chilworth, about two and a half miles east of Wheatley, giving the village a fast road link to London. In 1990 the M40 extension was completed, giving Wheatley a fast road link to Birmingham. The extension includes Junction 8A and Oxford Services about a mile and a half east of the village.
Big Society
Numerous village societies are active in Wheatley, including:
- The Wheatley Society
- Village Produce Association, which holds an annual show.
Sport
- Rugby Union: Wheatley RUFC
Outside links
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("Wikimedia Commons" has material about Wheatley, Oxfordshire) |
References
- ↑ Sherwood & Pevsner, 1974, page 837
- ↑ Oxford Diocesan Guild of Church Bellringers, Oxford City Branch
- ↑ Wheatley Mill
- Hassall, W.O., ed (1956). "Wheatley Records 956-1956". Oxford Record Series (Banbury: Oxfordshire Record Society) XXXVII: 27–30.
- A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 5: Bullingdon Hundred (Victoria County History)
- Sherwood, Jennifer; Pevsner, Nikolaus (1974). Oxfordshire. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. pp. 837–838. ISBN 0-14-071045-0.