Taynton, Oxfordshire

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Taynton
Oxfordshire
St. John The Evangelist, Taynton - geograph.org.uk - 1608365.jpg
St John the Evangelist parish church
Location
Grid reference: SP2313
Location: 51°49’16"N, 1°39’47"W
Data
Population: 108  (2001)
Post town: Burford
Postcode: OX18
Dialling code: 01993
Local Government
Council: West Oxfordshire
Parliamentary
constituency: 		Witney

Taynton is a village and parish about a mile and a half north-west of Burford in Oxfordshire. The village is on Coombe Brook, a tributary of the River Windrush. The parish is bounded in the south by the River Windrush, in the north partly by Coombe Brook and its tributary Hazelden Brook, in the west by the county border with Gloucestershire and in the east by field boundaries. The 2001 Census recorded the parish's population as 108.[1]

Manor

In 1059 King Edward the Confessor granted the manor of Taynton to the Abbey of Saint Denis near Paris.[2][3][4]

The present manor house was built in the 17th century and has been much altered since.[5]

Parish church

The Church of England parish church of Saint John the Evangelist has a Decorated Gothic north aisle and arcade dating from about 1360. The east window of the south aisle is also Decorated Gothic, but the present south arcade and the rest of the south aisle are Perpendicular Gothic work from the end of the 15th century. The clerestory of the nave was added at the same time. The bell tower also is Perpendicular Gothic. The chancel was rebuilt in 1865 to plans by the architect W.F. Poulton.[5] The church is a Grade-II* listed building.[6]

The tower has a ring of six bells.[7] Abraham I Rudhall of Gloucester[8] cast the fourth and fifth bells in 1717.[9] Thomas Bond of Burford[8] cast the treble, second, fifth and tenor bells in 1937.[9] St John's has also a Sanctus bell of unknown date.[9]

The parish of St John the Evangelist is now part of the Benefice of Burford, Fulbrook, Taynton, Asthall, Swinbrook and Widford.[10]

Economic and social history

The Domesday Book records that in 1086 Taynton had two water mills.[11] There is still a Taynton Mill in the Windrush valley downstream from Coombe Brook's confluence with the river. The Manor of Taynton's other mill may have been 14 miles away at Northmoor, where the Manor of Taynton held land.[11]

Taynton stone

The Domesday Book records a quarry at Taynton.[3][12] The Taynton Limestone Formation is a Middle Jurassic Cotswold limestone.[13] It is a high-quality freestone that for centuries has been used for ashlar and other precision masonry. The quarries, now all disused, are on the east side of the valley of Coombe Brook, starting half a mile north of the village and extending another half mile up the valley.[14]

The earliest record of a building using Taynton stone is from 1310, when it was used at Merton College, Oxford.[15] Taynton supplied stone for many of the older colleges of the University of Oxford,[16] Windsor Castle,[16] Old St Paul's Cathedral[16] and Eton College.[17] The original statues around the Sheldonian Theatre in Oxford (carved in the 17th century and since replaced) were Taynton stone.[18]Early in the 18th century Taynton supplied some of the stone for Blenheim Palace.[16] "Rally Quarr", almost two miles north of the village, is a corruption of "Railway Quarry".[19] It was worked in 1846–52 for stone to build bridges in the Windrush Valley for the Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway.[19][20] Taynton stone was used in Oxford to widen Magdalen Bridge over the River Cherwell in 1882[21] and to build the New Bodleian Library in 1937–39.[22] Stone was still being quarried in the parish in 1974.[16]

The navigability of the River Thames affected Taynton's ability to supply building stone. Originally the stone was taken 14 miles overland to Eynsham before being loaded onto barges.[15] However, when Eton College was being built in the 15th century, navigation on the Upper Thames was so bad that stone was taken overland 40 miles to river wharves at Henley-on-Thames.[17] In the 17th and 18th centuries the river was sometimes navigable upstream from Eynsham, so barges loaded the stone at Radcot, 12 miles from Taynton.[23]

Despite transport limitations in earlier centuries, products from Taynton sometimes included substantial monoliths. In the 17th century Robert Plot recorded that Sir Compton Reade had a stone mash tun made at Taynton that measured 6⅜ ft by 3⅜ ft by 4½ ft and held about 65 bushels.[19] A team of 21 horses hauled it by road from Taynton to Shipton-under-Wychwood,[19] a distance of about four miles.

Thatched 18th-century cottages opposite Manor Farm

Local buildings

No. 16, or Strong's House, is a gable-fronted house with a date stone of 1676.[5] It was built for Thomas Strong, who was master mason to Sir Christopher Wren. It is a Grade-II* listed building.[24]

As well as the manor house and Strong's House, a number of other houses in the village date from the 17th century. No. 5 is much restored but in its garden are two gothic stone window frames that may be mediaeval.[5]

The village school was built in 1877 and a post office had opened by 1895.[25] Neither remains open today.

References

Abandoned derrick at a disused Taynton Stone quarry
  1. ↑ "Area selected: West Oxfordshire (Non-Metropolitan District)". Neighbourhood Statistics: Full Dataset View. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 22 June 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110622111017/http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/viewFullDataset.do;jsessionid=ac1f930b30d73ec370d62b6f4444bc01a4cf1c94ffa8?instanceSelection=03070&productId=779&$ph=60_61&datasetInstanceId=3070&startColumn=1&numberOfColumns=8&containerAreaId=790500&nsjs=true&nsck=true&nssvg=true&nswid=1020. Retrieved 11 January 2011. 
  2. ↑ Salzman 1939, pp. 373–395.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Salzman 1939, pp. 396–428.
  4. ↑ Crossley & Currie 1996, pp. 156–158.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 805.
  6. ↑ National Heritage List 1300575: Church of St John the Evangelist (Grade II* listing)
  7. ↑ Oxford Diocesan Guild of Church Bell Ringers: Branches
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Dovemaster (31 October 2012). "Bell Founders". Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers. Central Council of Church Bell Ringers. http://dove.cccbr.org.uk/founders.php. Retrieved 11 January 2011. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Davies, Peter (30 May 2012). "Taynton S John Ev". Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers. Central Council of Church Bell Ringers. http://dove.cccbr.org.uk/detail.php?searchString=Taynton&numPerPage=10&Submit=Go&searchAmount=%3D&searchMetric=cwt&sortBy=Place&sortDir=Asc&DoveID=TAYNTON. Retrieved 11 January 2011. 
  10. ↑ Archbishops' Council. "Benefice of Burford Fulbrook Taynton Asthall Swinbrook and Widford". A Church Near You. Church of England. http://www.achurchnearyou.com/benefice.php?B=27/088CM. Retrieved 24 March 2015. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Crossley & Currie 1996, pp. 158–165.
  12. ↑ Arkell 1947, p. 55.
  13. ↑ Arkell 1947, p. 31.
  14. ↑ Arkell 1947, Fig. 8.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Arkell 1947, p. 61.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 804.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Lobel 1962, pp. 27–39.
  18. ↑ Arkell 1947, p. 63.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Arkell 1947, p. 57.
  20. ↑ Arkell 1947, p. 64.
  21. ↑ Arkell 1947, p. 59.
  22. ↑ Arkell 1947, pp. 60–61.
  23. ↑ Arkell 1947, p. 62.
  24. ↑ National Heritage List 1183509: Strongs House (Grade II* listing)
  25. ↑ Kelly 1895, p. 285.

Sources

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