Kirtlington

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Kirtlington
Oxfordshire

St Mary the Virgin parish church
Location
Grid reference: SP5019
Location: 51°52’26"N, 1°16’26"W
Data
Population: 988  (2011 (including Northbrook))
Post town: Kidlington
Postcode: OX5
Dialling code: 01869
Local Government
Council: Cherwell
Parliamentary
constituency: 		Henley
Website: Kirtlington Oxfordshire

Kirtlington is a village and parish in Oxfordshire, about 6½ miles west of Bicester. The parish includes the hamlet of Northbrook. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 988.[1]

Archaeology

The Portway is a pre-Roman road[2] running parallel with the River Cherwell on high ground about a mile east of the river. It bisects Kirtlington parish and passes through the village. A short stretch of it is now part of the A4095 road through the village. Longer stretches form minor roads to Bletchington and Upper Heyford.

Akeman Street Roman road bisects the parish east–west passing just north of Kirtlington village. A four-mile minor road linking Kirtlington with Chesterton uses its course. Aves ditch is pre-Saxon.[2] One end of the ditch is in Kirtlington parish about a mile north of the village.

Manor

Rear of manor house, showing polygonal stair turret

The earliest known historical record of Kirtlington is from AD 945. In 977 King Edward the Martyr held a witenagemot at Kirtlington attended by Dunstan, Archbishop of Canterbury. In the 11th century Kirtlington was a royal manor of Edward the Confessor. The Domesday Book records that in 1086 Cherielintone was now a royal manor of the conquering Norman monarchy. It remained a royal manor until 1604 when the Crown sold it to two wealthy Londoners.[2]

The manor house is recorded to have had a date-stone of 1563, but this has now been lost.[3] The house is L-shaped, has a polygonal stair-turret on the south side and a corbelled chimney-stack in the west side.[3]

Church and chapels

St Mary the Virgin parish church from the east, showing the intersecting tracery of the chancel's 14th century east window.

Church of England

The earliest known record of a parish church at Kirtington is in the Domesday Book of 1086.[2] The oldest visible parts of the present Church of England parish church of St Mary the Virgin include the early 12th-century Norman arches supporting the central bell tower, and a tympanum of the same date that is now over the vestry door.[4] Beneath the floor of the chancel are the foundations of a former apse that also was built early in the 12th century.[4] About 1250 the nave was rebuilt and north and south aisles were added, each linked with the nave by arcades of three bays.[4] The transeptal chapel of Our Lady] on the south side of the tower may be of the same date, and the apse was replaced with a rectangular chancel late in the 13th century.[2]

The west window of the nave dates from the 14th century, as do two windows flanking a blocked 13th-century doorway in the north aisle.[5] The east window of the chancel, west doorway of the nave and south doorway of the south aisle are also 14th century. In the 15th century a clerestory was added to the nave and a porch was added to the south door.[2] The Lady Chapel was also rebuilt in the 15th century, and other late mediæval additions include the Perpendicular Gothic windows of the south aisle and another Perpendicular Gothic window in the north aisle.[5]

By 1716 the Lady chapel was ruinous and Sir Robert Dashwood, 1st Baronet had it converted into a family chapel and burial vault.[2] In 1770 the tower was unsafe and was demolished,[5] leaving its arches between the nave and chancel. In about 1853 Sir Henry William Dashwood, 5th Baronet had the bell tower rebuilt[2] by the Gothic Revival architect Benjamin Ferrey in a Norman Revival style.[4] In 1877 Sir Henry and Lady Dashwood had the chancel restored[2] by Sir George Gilbert Scott.[4] At the same time the organ was installed in the Dashwood Chapel, obscuring a 1724 memorial to the first three Dashwood baronets and other members of the family.[2]

The rebuilt bell tower has a ring of eight bells. Henry III Bagley of Chacombe,[6] Northamptonshire cast three of the bells in 1718,[7] presumably at his then bellfoundry in Witney. Abel Rudhall of Gloucester[6] cast the tenor bell in 1753.[7] Two bells came from the Whitechapel Bell Foundry: one cast by Charles and George Mears in 1853[7] and the other by Mears and Stainbank in 1870.[7] The current ring of eight was completed when John Taylor & Co of Loughborough cast the treble in 1938.[7] St Mary's has also a Sanctus bell cast by Henry III Bagley in 1718.[7]

Methodist

Kirtlington's first nonconformist meeting house was licensed in 1821 and was a member of the Oxford Methodist Circuit by 1824. A Wesleyan chapel was built in 1830 and replaced by a stone-built chapel in 1854. In 1867 it belonged to the United Methodist Free Churches, which in 1907 became part of the United Methodist Church. By 1954 the chapel had only about six members.[2] It has since closed and is now a private house.[8]

Economic and social history

The Dashwood Hotel
The Oxford Arms public house

Kirtlington had two water mills on the River Cherwell. They are recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086, and in subsequent documents in about 1240, 1538 and 1689. All documents thereafter refer to only one mill in the parish. There was once a horse mill in the village.[2]

There were small enclosures of farmland in the parish in the 13th century and 99 acres had been enclosed by 1476, but at that stage most of the parish was still farmed under an open field system. By 1750 the enclosed land totalled about 900 acres, and the remaining common lands were enclosed in 1815.[2]

In 1583 a draper called John Phillips bequeathed the rental income from a house in Woodstock to employ a schoolmaster in Kidlington. His bequest did not provide for a schoolhouse, so a tenement called Church House was used. In 1759 the school had to close because the house in Woodstock had decayed to the point that it was unfit to be let. In 1766 the house was let on a repairing lease to George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough and between 1774 and 1778 the school reopened. The vicar and Sir James Dashwood, 2nd Baronet were the governors, and it seems that subsequently the Dashwoods as well as the Phillips endowment supported the school.[2]

By 1808 two other schools had been founded in Kirtlington, and by 1814 one of them was a National School. In 1833 the three schools were effectively merged and in 1834 a purpose-built schoolhouse was opened. In 1947 it was reorganised as a junior and infants' school and in 1951 it became a voluntary aided school.[2] It is now Kirtlington Church of England School.[9]

Lamb Ale

The annual village festival is called the Lamb Ale. By 1679 it was an established tradition that would start the day after Trinity Sunday and last for two days.[2] That year Thomas Blount and Josiah Beckwith wrote:

At Kidlington in Oxford-shire the Custom is, That on Monday after Whitson week, there is a fat live Lamb provided, and the Maids of the Town, having their Thumbs ty'd behind them run after it, and she that with her mouth takes and holds the Lamb, is declared Lady of the Lamb, which being dress'd with the skin hanging on, is carried on a long Pole before the Lady and her Companions to the Green, attended with Musick and a Morisco Dance of Men, and another of Women, where the rest of the day is spent in dancing, mirth and merry glee. The next day the Lamb is part bak'd, boyld and rost, for the Ladies feast, where she sits majestically at the upper end of the Table and her Companions with her, with musick and other attendants, which ends the solemnity.

It is considered that the reference to Kidlington may be a mistake, and that Kirtlington was the correct location. Later the festival extended to a whole week and in 1849 three special constables were sworn in "for the better preservation of peace and order at the ensuing Lamb Ale Feast".[2] The custom died out early in the 1860s.

In 1979 Kirtlington Morris was formed and revived the tradition[10] in a modified form.[2] Every year since the Ale has been held at the end of May or in early June. Typically about 20 morris sides attend the festival.

Kirtlington Park

Kirtlington Park is a Grade-I listed 18th-century Palladian country house,[11] about ½ mile east of the village.[12] It is set in 3,000 acres of parkland, landscaped by Lancelot "Capability" Brown, with views over the gardens to the Chiltern Hills.[13]

The house was built for Sir James Dashwood, 2nd Baronet (1715–79), after he had married an heiress, Elizabeth Spencer. In 1740 he was elected a knight of the shire (MP) for Oxfordshire. Kirtlington Park, still unfinished at Dashwood's death, remained in the family until 1909, when Sir George John Egerton Dashwood, 6th baronet, sold the house to the Earl of Leven and Melville. By 1922 it was owned by Hubert Maitland Budgett.[14]

In the Second World War the park was used as a Victory garden.[15] Kirtlington Park is licensed to hold civil weddings.[12]

Polo

In 1926 Hubert Budgett founded the polo club after Major Deed, who had lived in Argentina, persuaded him to play the game.[15] In 1954, after the Second World War, Hubert Budgett's son Alan reopened the club and added a second ground. By 2005 a sixth polo ground had been added. Famous players who started by playing at Kirtlington Park include Malcolm Borwick, Henry Brett and Robert Thame.[13]

Kirtlington Park polo school was founded in 1994.[16]

Amenities

Sub-Post Office and village store

Kirtlington has a 19th-century public house, the Oxford Arms, and a Grade-II listed hotel, the Dashwood Hotel and Restaurant. The village has a sub-post office and village store.

There is a tea shop by the Oxford Canal at Pigeon Lock. It is open only two Saturdays and Sundays a month, and only from April to October.[17]

Kirtlington has a Women's Institute.[18] Kirtlington Golf Club[19] is about ½ mile south-west of the village. Kirtlington Football Club plays behind the village hall.[20]

Transport

The nearest railway station is at Tackley on the Cherwell Valley Line, a mile from Kirtlington. Buses from Oxford to Bicester via Bletchingdon) serve Kirtlington.[21]

The A4095 road passes through the village, as do the Oxfordshire Way long-distance footpath and the Oxfordshire Cycleway. Junction 9 of the M40 motorway is about three miles east of the village.

References

  1. ↑ "Area: Kirtlington (Parish): Key Figures for 2011 Census: Key Statistics". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11125325&c=Kirtlington&d=16&e=62&g=6458614&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1428766962100&enc=1. Retrieved 11 April 2015. 
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 Lobel 1959, pp. 219–232
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 678.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 675.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 676.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Dovemaster (5 December 2011). "Bellfounders". Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers. Central Council of Church Bell Ringers. http://dove.cccbr.org.uk/founders.php. Retrieved 7 December 2011. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Smith, Martin (9 June 2009). "Kirtlington S Mary V". Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers. Central Council of Church Bell Ringers. http://dove.cccbr.org.uk/detail.php?searchString=Kirtlington&Submit=+Go+&DoveID=KIRTLINGTO. Retrieved 18 December 2011. 
  8. ↑ "Kirtlington". Oxfordshire Churches & Chapels. Brian Curtis. http://www.oxfordshirechurches.info/Kirtlington.htm. 
  9. ↑ Kirtlington CE Primary School
  10. ↑ "Kirtlington Lamb Ale". Kirtlington Morris. http://kirtlington-morris.org.uk/kirtlington-lamb-ale-2/. 
  11. ↑ Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, pp. 676–678.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Kirtlington Park Wedding venue, Oxford
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "History". Kirtlington Park Polo Club. http://www.kirtlingtonparkpolo.co.uk. 
  14. ↑ "The Kirtlington Park Room, Oxfordshire". Metropolitan Museum of Art. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/kirt/hd_kirt.htm. Retrieved 27 June 2013. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Laffaye 2012, p. 100.
  16. ↑ Kirtlington Park Polo School
  17. ↑ Jane's Enchanted Tea Garden
  18. ↑ Oxfordshire Federation of Women's Institutes
  19. ↑ Kirtlington Golf Club
  20. ↑ Kirtlington Football Club
  21. ↑ "route 25/25A". Thames Travel. http://assets.goaheadbus.com/media/cms_page_media/476/25_25A_Timetable_July14_Web.pdf. Retrieved 11 April 2015. 

Sources and further reading

  • Benson, Don; Harding, DW (1966). "An Iron Age Site at Kirtlington, Oxon". Oxoniensia (Oxford: Oxford Architectural and Historical Society) XXXI: 157–161. 
  • Blount, Thomas; Beckwith, Josiah (1679). Fragmenta antiquitatis: antient tenures of land, and jocular customs of some mannors : made publick for the diversion of some, and instruction of others. p. 281. 
  • Davenport, Paul (1998). The archaeology of a tradition: the revival of the Kirtlington Morris. Mosborough: South Riding Folk Network Publishing. ISBN 0-9529857-4-8. 
  • Griffiths, Matthew (1980). "Kirtlington Manor Court, 1500–1650". Oxoniensia (Oxford: Oxfordshire Architectural and Historical Society) XLV: 260–283. 
  • Humphries, Vanadia (1986). Kirtlington: an Oxfordshire village. Chichester: Phillimore & Co. ISBN 0-85033-584-1. 
  • Laffaye, Horace A (2012). Polo in Britain: A History. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. p. 100. 
  • Lobel, Mary D, ed (1959). A History of the County of Oxford. Victoria County History. 6: Ploughley Hundred. London: Oxford University Press for the Institute of Historical Research. pp. 219–232. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/oxon/vol6/pp219-232. 
  • Long, ET (1972). "Mediaeval Wall Paintings in Oxfordshire Churches". Oxoniensia (Oxford: Oxfordshire Architectural and Historical Society) XXXVII: 106–108. 
  • Shellard, Henry, ed (1995). Kirtlington: an historical miscellany. Kirtlington: Cyrtla. ISBN 0-9525804-0-3. 
  • Shellard, Henry, ed (1996). Kirtlington: a second historical miscellany. Kirtlington: Cyrtla. ISBN 0-9525804-1-1. 
  • Sherwood, Jennifer; Pevsner, Nikolaus (1974). Oxfordshire. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. pp. 675–678. ISBN 0-14-071045-0. 
  • Taunt, Henry William (1905). Kirtlington, Oxon... Illustrated with camera and pen. Oxford: Taunt & Co. 
  • O'Neill, J, ed (1996). Period Rooms in the Metropolitan Museum of Art . New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art and the American Federation of Arts. http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15324coll10/id/96980.  pp. 137–147

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