Ardotalia
| Ardotalia | |
|
Derbyshire | |
|---|---|
 The fort today looking towards Longdendale | |
| Type: | Roman fort |
| Location | |
| Grid reference: | SK009950 |
| Location: | 53°27’8"N, 1°59’16"W |
| History | |
| Built Cohors Primae Frisiavonum | |
| Information | |
Ardotalia (also known as Melandra, or Melandra Castle) is a Roman fort in Gamesley, near Glossop in north-western Derbyshire.[1] The fort was constructed by Cohors Primae Frisiavonum: The First Cohort of Frisiavones.[2] Evidence for the existence of this unit exists not only from the building stone found at the site but also from various diplomas and other Roman writings.[2] This unit would have had around a thousand men, including the specialist craftsmen needed to perform the skilled work of building the fort.[3]
The site is a schedule ancient monument.[4]
This cohort was assisted in constructing the fort by the 3rd Cohort of Bracara Augustani. These men were probably Iberians from the colony of Braga in Portugal, who seem to have been attached to the XX Legion Valeria Victrix in Chester.
Whilst it is unknown which of these Cohorts manned the fort, it seems more likely that the 3rd Cohort of Bracara Augustani performed this duty, as they were from a hilly region and so were more experienced in holding terrain such as that found around Glossop. The Frisiavones were from low-lying lands beyond the Rhine and so may have been divided between the lower terrain of Manchester and Northwich.[3]
The First Cohort of Frisiavones were also present at Brocolitia, one of the Hadrian's Wall forts and settlements, at Carrawburgh, Northumberland. Evidence for this relies on an inscription on an altar stone, which tells us that Optio Maus (an NCO within the Cohort) had repaid a vow to the goddess Coventina.[2] Whether this altar was the repayment of the vow is unknown.
The name Melandra is of unknown origin but may have been originated by the John Watson, Rector of Stockport, who visited the site c. 1771 when substantial stone remains existed.[5] The name Ardotalia is a hypothetical emendation of Zerdotalia written in the Ravenna Cosmography.[6]
Doctor's Gate, a Roman road, ran between Ardotalia fort and Navio fort at Brough-on-Noe.[7]
References
- ↑ National Monuments Record: No. 306340 – Ardotalia (Melandra Castle)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Roman-Britain.co.uk
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ward, A M; Brown, M H (1986). Melandra Castle Roman Fort (booklet). http://www.glossopheritage.co.uk/melandra.htm. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
- ↑ National Heritage List 1004595: Melandra Castle Roman fort (Scheduled ancient monument entry)
- ↑ Hanmer 1993, p. 20
- ↑ Rivet & Smith 1979, pp. 256–257
- ↑ Patterson, Mark (2016). Roman Derbyshire. Five Leaves Publications. pp. 219-225, 236-239. ISBN 978-1910170250.
- Hanmer, J.; Winterbottom, D. (1993), The Book of Glossop (2nd ed.), Baron Birch, ISBN 0-86023-484-3
- Rivet, Albert Lionel Frederick; Smith, C. (1979), The Place-Names of Roman Britain, London: Batsford, ISBN 0-7134-2077-4