Forde Abbey
| Forde Abbey | |
| Dorset | |
|---|---|
 Forde Abbey | |
| Location | |
| Grid reference: | ST359051 |
| Location: | 50°50’33"N, 2°54’42"W |
| History | |
| Built From 1649 | |
| For: | Edmund Prideaux |
| Country house | |
| Information | |
| Owned by: | Roper family |
| Website: | fordeabbey.co.uk |
Forde Abbey is a grand house in Dorset, built on the site of what had before the Reformation been a wealthy and powerful Cistercian monastery. The house and gardens are privately owned, but run as a tourist attraction while the 1,600-acre estate is farmed.
Forde Abbey is a Grade I listed building.[1]
History
Between 1133 and 1136 Richard de Brioniis, a, wealthy nobleman, built a priory on his land at Brightley and invited Gilbert, Abbot of Waverley in Surrey, to send twelve monks to form a new Cistercian community there. One story is that the agricultural land surrounding the new priory was insufficiently fertile, forcing the monks to consider returning to the mother house in 1141. However, Adelicia de Brioniis, the sister of Richard and successor to his estate, offered them an alternative site close to the River Axe in the manor of Thorncombe. Here, between 1141–48, they built a new priory which came to be known as "Ford" due to its proximity to an old river crossing. The monastery was dedicated to the Virgin Mary.[2]
John of Ford (c. 1140 – 21 April 1214) was the prior of Forde Abbey, then from 1186 abbot of its daughter house of Bindon, and between 1191 and 1214 the abbot of Forde. He was a friend and ally of King John during the papal interdict, receiving remuneration from the king.[3] The foundation grew and became very wealthy, eventually possessing lands over 30,000 acres by the 14th century. At some time in the 13th Century, the body of St Wulfric of Haselbury was buried in the western transept of the abbey's church, after an attempt by Benedictine monks from Montacute Priory to steal the body of the saint. The third abbot, Abbot Baldwin, became Archbishop of Canterbury.
Abbot Chard was the last abbot of Forde, ruling here at the time of the Dissolution of the Monasteries under King Henry VIII. He surrendered the abbey to the Crown peacefully in 1539.
The abbey buildings and lands were leased in 1540 to Sir Richard Pollard (1505-1542), 2nd son of Sir Lewis Pollard (c.1465-1526) of King's Nympton, Devon, Justice of the Common Pleas from 1514 to 1526[4] Richard Pollard was later knighted. His son sold Forde Abbey to his relative, Sir Amias Poulet of Hinton St George, Somerset. Sir Amias and his father before him had acted as Steward of the Abbey and its property while it was a monastery. In 1580-81 Sir Amias Poulet was licensed to alienate lands belonging to that abbey to William Rosewell, the 20-year-old son of William Rosewell, Solicitor-General. Forde Abbey probably changed hands about the same time. William Rosewell of Forde died in 1593 and Forde Abbey was left to his wife Anne. Their son Henry probably took ownership on maturity in 1611. Henry became Sir Henry Rosewell of Forde in 1619. Forde Abbey was held for nearly seventy years by the Rosewells until it was sold in 1649 to Edmund Prideaux.
Edmund Prideaux was Member of Parliament for Lyme Regis and Treasurer of the Inner Temple, London. He supported the Parliamentary cause during the Civil War and was the attorney-general for most of the Interregnum. He made a fortune practising law and running the Parliamentary postal service. Having purchased the property he converted the buildings into his private home,[5] with several classicising features, including the small loggia.[6][7]
The house remained largely unchanged during the 18th century, though the gardens were created during this period. In 1815, the house was rented to the philosopher Jeremy Bentham. During the 19th century the house had a succession of owners, some of whom neglected the house while others attempted to renovate it. In 1905, the cousin of the last owner inherited the house and moved in with her husband Freeman Roper, whose descendants still own and occupy the house and estates.[5]
House and gardens
Much of the original monastery, including the abbey church was demolished in the period after the dissolution; only two statues, now on display in the Great Hall, have been found from the original church. The monastic parts of the current house are the Great Hall, the north side of the original square of the cloisters as well as the monks' accommodation, the Upper Refectory and the Undercroft, which was the abbey's working area, and the Chapter House, which has been converted into a chapel. Other rooms have been subsequently converted into State Rooms and show no evidence of their earlier use. Prideaux added some bedrooms and a reception area in the front of the building as part of his conversion of the abbey to a private house.
The gardens of Forde Abbey are one of the main attractions. They are listed as Grade II* in the 'Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of special historic interest' as a "historically important garden".[8] The Roper family has maintained and improved the gardens during their ownership. The gardens cover thirty acres, including several water features, planted gardens and an arboretum. The lawns were laid out in front of the house in the 18th century and many of the trees were planted in the 19th century.
The Great Pond, which was originally the head pond for a watermill, feeds a series of cascades down the hill to three smaller ponds which were a part of the gardens laid down in the 18th century. On the edge of the Great Pond is the Beech House, a structure formed from beech hedges which was created in the 1930s to provide a bird watching hide overlooking the pond. There is also a Bog Garden by the pond.
In the second largest pond, the Mermaid pond, the Roper family installed the Centenary Fountain in 2005 to commemorate the centennial of their ownership of Forde Abbey. At 160 feet in height, it is claimed to be the highest powered fountain in Britain.[9] Closer to the house surrounding the Long pond, there is extensive planting of flowering plants which provide a colourful sight in the summer months.
Behind the house, there is a Victorian walled kitchen garden which originally supplied the house with food but is now mostly used as a nursery to provide plants for sale to the visitors.
Outside links
 |
("Wikimedia Commons" has material about Forde Abbey) |
- Forde Abbey
- Forde Abbey Gardens on 'Parks and Gardens'
- Thorncombe village
- Annual Forde Abbey 10K Run
References
- ↑ National Heritage List 1153362: Forde Abbey
- ↑ Heath, 1911, pp. 25-27.
- ↑ Josiah Cox Russell: 'Social Status at the Court of King John' (Speculum, 12:3; 1937), p 326
- ↑ Hoskins, W.G., Devon, p.337
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Forde Abbey: History
- ↑ West, J.J. in the Archaeological Journal, 140 (1983:27f)
- ↑ Colvin, Howard: 'A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1600-1840', 3rd ed. 1995, s.v. "Carter, Edward").
- ↑ National Heritage List 1000717: Forde Abbey Park and Garden
- ↑ Forde Abbey website - Garden page
Frances B. James (1888), 'Sir Henry Rosewell: a Devon worthy', Trans. Devonshire Assoc., 20, 113-122.
- C. Sherwin (1927), 'The History of Ford Abbey', Transactions of the Devonshire Assoc., 59, 249-264.
- Heath, Sidney: The Story of Ford Abbey: from the earliest times to the present day' (F Griffiths, 1911)