Foxton Locks

Upper staircase of Foxton Locks

Foxton Locks are a series of ten canal locks consisting of two staircases of five locks each, carrying the Leicester line of the Grand Union Canal up a steep hill in Leicestershire, about three miles west of Market Harborough. They are named after the nearby village of Foxton.

• Map: SP691895
• Location map: 52°29’59"N, -0°58’59"W

The ten locks form the northern terminus of a 20-mile summit level that passes Husbands Bosworth, Crick and ends with the Watford flight

Both of the staircases at Foxton are staircase locks in the strictest sense: each lock opens directly into the next, the bottom gates of one lock forming the top gates of the next. The Foxton Locks are the largest flight of such staircase locks on the canal system.

The locks are Grade II* listed structures and are a popular tourist attraction. The council has created a country park at the top. At the bottom, where the junction with the arm to Market Harborough is located, there are two public houses, a shop, trip boat and other facilities.

The Foxton Inclined Plane once lay in a alongside the locks: it was an inclined plane built in 1900 as a solution to various operational restrictions imposed by the lock flight. It was not however a commercial success and remained in full-time operation for only ten years. It was dismantled in 1926. A project to re-create the Plane began in the 2000s, since the locks remain a bottleneck for boat traffic.

Two Lock-Keeper's cottages beside the locks, the Top Lock cottage and the Bottom Lock cottage with its accompanying buildins, are Grade II listed buildings also.

The locks

Bottom of Foxton Locks

Building work on the locks started in 1810 and took four years. Little changed until the building of the inclined plane resulted in the reduction in size of some of the side pounds. While the inclined plane was in operation the locks were allowed to fall into decline to an extent and in 1908 the committee released £1,000 to bring the locks back into full (nightly) operation.

In 2008, the locks became part of the 'European Route of Industrial Heritage', a network which seeks to recognize the most important industrial heritage sites in Britain and Europe.

The locks are usually manned during the cruising season from Easter to October and padlocked outside operating hours. This is done to prevent water shortages due to misuse and to ensure a balance between those wishing to ascend and descend. There can be lengthy delays at busy times but the actual transit should take approximately 45 minutes to one hour to complete; it is made quicker by the fact that the locks are narrow beam and the gates are light.

The Upper Staircase

Foxton Inclined Plane

The Inclined Plane from the observation post

By 1897, the Grand Junction Canal Company had acquired several of the canals comprising the Leicester line, and was keen to meet demand from carriers seeking to use wider beam (14 ft) craft, rather than the traditional narrow beam boats, which were the only type the locks could accommodate. Their solution was to build an inclined plane, a form of boat lift, to the side of the locks. Initially, the company had planned for the plane to replace the locks, rather than having it act as a second, faster option. Construction began in 1898 and was finished by 10 July 1900.

The Plane was designed by Gordon Cale Thomas, after a large-scale prototype was built at the company's Bulbourne yard and he had assessed the 75 ft climb. It had two tanks, or caissons, each capable of holding two narrowboats or a barge. The caissons were full of water, and so balanced each other. The caissons' vertical guillotine gates created a watertight seal. The lift was powered by a 25-horsepower stationary steam engine. The land for the Plane was purchased for £1,595 and total expenses for the project came to £39,244 by 24 June 1900.

Engraving of the Foxton incline

The inclined plane had a journey time of 12 minutes for two boats up and two down, compared with 1¼ hours through the old lock system, thereby improving the speed of passage up the hill tremendously. During a 12-hour day, 6,000 tons of cargo could pass through the upper and lower level. Unlike the locks, where water flowed downhill every time a boat passed through, on the inclined plane almost the same amount of water went up and down the hill. Only the displaced water is moved, thus saving a great deal of water and giving better control of this vital resource.

An initial problem with the plane was the stress on the tracks by the caissons. There was a plan to build a similar inclined plane at the Watford Locks at the southern end of the canal's summit level. However, this was never carried through (perhaps due to the low levels of traffic in the plane's first two years), and as the Watford Locks were never widened, the economic benefits of the plane could not be fully realised. The need to continually maintain a supply of steam for the plane's engine – in expectation of traffic – also proved to be a drain on finances. Thus, despite its obvious effectiveness, the Foxton Inclined Plane was mothballed in 1911 to save money. After that date it saw occasional use when the locks were undergoing maintenance.

The foundations for the Inclined Plane track

In 1926, dismantling of the incline's machinery began, and it was sold for scrap in 1928 for a mere £250. That year the chimney on the engine house was demolished and its bricks used for various canal repairs.

The remains of the plane can still be seen, and the site explored by visitors (to a limited extent). The mooring bollards from the incline can be found alongside the locks. The site of the Inclined Plane has been recognised as a Scheduled Ancient Monument

The site of the Inclined Plane was formerly listed on the 'Heritage at Risk Register'. Such a dubious recognition, together with the steady increase in leisure boating on British canals, means its restoration is now a project being considered in the development of the national waterway network. Successful completion of Stage 1 of the project resulted in the site's being removed from the Monuments at Risk register.

Foxton Canal Museum

The Foxton Canal Museum is located in the former boiler house for the plane's steam engine. It opened in 1989.

The museum covers the history of the locks and the plane, the lives of the canal workers, and other aspects of the local canal. There is also a collection of Measham pottery.

See also

• Bingley Five Rise Locks in Yorkshire
• Bingley Three Rise Locks in Yorkshire
• Caen Hill Locks near Devizes, Wiltshire
• Fourteen Locks near Newport, Monmouthshire
• Tardebigge Locks near Bromsgrove, Worcestershire
• Watford Locks in Northamptonshire

Outside links

("Wikimedia Commons" has material about Foxton Locks)

• Foxton Locks and Partnership
• Foxton Inclined Plane Trust
• Foxton Canal Museum
• National Heritage List 1360753: Locks - Grade II*
• Buildings at Risk Register: Foxton@

References

• Uhlemann, H-J., (2002), Canal Lifts and Inclines of the World, Internat Limited, ISBN 0-9543181-1-0

Books

• "Canal Boats with Loads Elevated 75ft". Popular Mechanics 7 (10): 1010–1011. October 1905. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WN4DAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA1007&ots=Lu9TQjRmi5&dq=%22Canal%20Boats%20with%20Loads%20Elevated%22%20Popular%20Mechanics&pg=PA1010#v=onepage&q&f=false.