Selby Abbey
| Selby Abbey | |
|
Selby, Yorkshire | |
|---|---|
| Status: | Parish church |
 The West Front | |
| Church of England | |
| Diocese of York | |
| Parish: | SE615323 |
| Location | |
| Grid reference: | SE615323 |
| Location: | 53°47’4"N, 1°4’5"W |
| History | |
| Romanesque, Decorated Gothic, Gothic Revival | |
| Information | |
| Website: | www.selbyabbey.org.uk/ |
The Church of St Mary and St Germain, usually known as Selby Abbey, is a former Benedictine abbey church, and current Church of England parish church in the town of Selby, in the West Riding of Yorkshire. It is is a Grade I listed building.[1]
Monastic history
This church is one of the relatively few surviving abbey churches of the Middle Ages, and, although not a cathedral, is one of the biggest. The abbey was founded by Benedict of Auxerre in 1069 and subsequently built by the de Lacy family.
On 31 May 1256, the abbey was bestowed with the grant of a Mitre by Pope Alexander IV and from this date was a "Mitred Abbey". This privilege fell in abeyance a number of times, but on 11 April 1308, Archbishop William Greenfield confirmed the grant, and Selby remained a "Mitred Abbey" until the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
Archbishop Walter Giffard visited the monastery in 1275 by commission, and several monks and the Abbot were charged with a list of faults including loose living, (many complaints referred to misconduct with married women). In 1279 Archbishop William de Wickwane made a visitation, and found fault with the Abbot as he did not observe the rule of St Benedict, was not singing mass, preaching or teaching, and seldom attending chapter. Things had not improved much in 1306 when Archbishop William Greenfield visited and similar visitations in later years resulted in similar findings.
The community rebuilt the choir in the early fourteenth century, but in 1340, a fire destroyed the Chapter House, Dormitory, Treasury and part of the church. The damage was repaired and the decorated windows in the south aisle of the nave were installed.
In 1380-1 there was the abbot and twenty-five monks. In 1393 Pope Boniface IX granted an indulgence to pilgrims who contributed to the conservation of the chapel of the Holy Cross in the abbey.
The fifteenth century saw more alterations to the abbey. The perpendicular windows in the north transept and at the west end of the nave were added and the Sedilia in the Sanctuary was added. One of the final additions was the Lathom Chapel, dedicated to St Catherine, east of the north transept, in 1465.
In the Valor Ecclesiasticus of 1535 the abbey was valued at £719 2s. 6¼d The abbey surrendered to the Crown on 6 December 1539, at which time the community comprised the Abbot, and 23 monks. The abbot was pensioned off on £100 a year; the prior got £8 and the others between £6 6s. 8d. and £5 each.
Post monastic history
For a time after the dissolution, the church was unused but in 1618 it became the Parish Church of Selby. During the Civil War and the Commonwealth period the building suffered with the north transept window being destroyed, and the statues on the brackets in the choir were demolished.
Like York Minster, the church rests on a base of sand and has suffered from subsidence. Many sections collapsed entirely during the seventeenth century, including the central tower in 1690 which destroyed the south transept. The Tower was rebuilt, but not the transept. In the eighteenth century the choir was filled with galleries, and used for services, the nave only used for secular purposes.
The church was restored by Sir George Gilbert Scott in 1871–1873 who restored much of the nave for use, and again in 1889–1890 by his son John Oldrid Scott, who restored the choir. The tower was restored in the first few years of the twentieth century.
The reredos was designed by Robert Lorimer and added in 1901.[2]
The fire of 1906
The organ builders from John Compton had been working until 11.00 pm on Friday 19 October, and shortly after midnight on Saturday the organist Frederick William Sykes spotted flames coming from the organ chamber.[3] The organ builders had been installing a new kinetic gas engine to provide power to the new organ. Initial reports that the new organ equipment was to blame for the fire were later proved inaccurate.[4]
The fire destroyed the roof of the choir and the belfry and peal of eight bells was also destroyed. All of the interior fittings were also destroyed but thanks to the actions of the local fire brigade, the fourteenth-century stained glass in the East window was saved.
A secondary fire broke out in the nave roof on the Sunday, but this was quickly extinguished.[5]
The abbey was rebuilt under the supervision of John Oldrid Scott at a cost of around £50,000 and reopened in 1909. The restoration of the south transept was completed in 1912, funded by William Liversedge.
In 1935 the architect Charles Marriott Oldrid Scott, son of John Oldrid Scott, raised the height of the towers at the front.
In 1969 Selby Abbey became the first parish church to hold the annual service for the distribution of the Royal Maundy.
In 2002 the abbey underwent an extensive restoration, costing several million pounds.
Architecture
The tower of the church is Norman, but the eastern end is in Decorated Gothic style, and the west front a mixture of Norman, Gothic and Victorian.
The interior bears some similarity to that of Durham Cathedral, on which the design was modelled. Richly-carved and moulded capitals are found throughout the church. A major feature is the east window, which contains original mediæval glass and depicts the Tree of Jesse, a popular subject of that period. The chancel stonework is thought to have been designed by Henry Yevele.
A notable feature of the abbey is the fifteenth-century Washington Window, located at the clerestory level of the quire, which features the heraldic arms of the ancestors of George Washington, the commander of the Americans' treasonous rebellion and the first president of the United States.
Organ
The abbey's organ is widely recognised as one of the finest ‘romantic’ instruments of its type in Britain. Following a major fire in 1906 and subsequent restoration of the abbey, William Hill & Son was commissioned to build a new organ in 1909. With 67 speaking stops and 4 manuals, this instrument occupies two magnificent cases, designed by John Oldrid Scott, placed either side of the quire.
The organ was first restored in 1950 by Hill, Norman and Beard. Opening recitals were given by Francis Jackson and Melville Cook. In the early 1960s, the noted Italian organist Fernando Germani made a series of LP recordings at Selby Abbey for HMV: this brought the organ to international attention. Further alterations took place, with additions made, in 1975 by John T. Jackson. In 2014-2016 a major restoration of the organ was carried out by Geoffrey Coffin and Principal Pipe Organs of York,[6]
The previous organ was installed in 1825 by Renn and Boston, in a gallery on the east side of the choir screen wall. It was rebuilt several times by Booth of Wakefield, Forster and Andrews of Hull and Conacher of Huddersfield. In 1868 the organ was rebuilt and moved to a bay in the quire. The opening recital was given by William Thomas Best. This organ was rebuilt in 1891 by James Jepson Binns of Bramley and moved again, this time to the north side of the quire. A rebuild took place by John Compton in 1906, but the organ was destroyed by the great fire of that year, which nearly destroyed the abbey too.
Outside links
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("Wikimedia Commons" has material about Selby Abbey) |
References
- ↑ National Heritage List 1132591: Church of St Mary and St Germain (Selby Abbey) (Grade I listing)
- ↑ Dictionary of Scottish Architects: Robert Lorimer
- ↑ Western Times, Monday 22 October 1906. p.4. Selby Abbey Entirely Destroyed by Fire on Saturday
- ↑ Sheffield Evening Telegraph. Friday 14 December 1906. p. 5. The Selby Abbey Fire
- ↑ Gloucester Citizen, Monday 22 October 1906. p.5. The Fire at Selby Abbey
- ↑ National Pipe Organ Register