Old Ford
| Old Ford | |
| Middlesex | |
|---|---|
 Roman Road Market western-entrance | |
| Location | |
| Grid reference: | TQ365835 |
| Location: | 51°32’6"N, 0°1’19"W |
| Data | |
| Post town: | London |
| Postcode: | E3 |
| Dialling code: | 020 |
| Local Government | |
| Council: | Tower Hamlets |
| Parliamentary constituency: |
Bethnal Green and Bow |
Old Ford refers to the a part of the centre and north of Bow, Middlesex. It is named after the natural ford (now referred to as Fish Island) which provided a crossing of the uncanalised River Lea.
History
Historically, Old Ford was a cluster of houses and a mill, around the ford. It expanded rapidly in the Victorian era and was designated an independent ecclesiastical parish in the mid-Victorian period, although it has always been associated with Bow.
Location of the ford
Victorian OS maps show an illustrative location of the, by then, former ford, which was just to the south of the Northern Outfall Sewer and immediately south of the confluence of the Lea and the Hackney Brook. The confluence is likely to have caused the Lea to eddy and slow, causing much alluvial material from both watercourses to be dropped at this point, which may have been the reason that fording the river was possible here. This may have been reinforced by the factor that the Lea’s tidal head was in the vicinity.[1]
Excavations have shown that in the Roman period, the ford lay a very short distance to the north of this point, immediately north of the Northern Outfall Sewer. The Romans dumped materials to improve the ford and at one time appear to have had a bridge over the Lea.[2]
Evidence has been found of a late Roman settlement at Old Ford dating from the 4th and 5th centuries. Excavations in 2002–3 discovered a substantial 'ribbon' development along the line of the road, surrounded by fields. Near the river there was evidence for a cluster of wooden buildings dominated by a large open-ended barn. Large amounts of cattle bone were also discovered, suggesting butchery to supply the London market. The Lea was thought to be used to supply Roman London with agricultural products and pottery from Hertsfordhire and the north. Old Ford was where the goods were transferred to continue their journey into London by wagon.[3]
Routes using the ford
Old Ford, as the name suggests, was the ancient most downstream crossing point of the then unchannelised River Lea. At this time the Lea was a wide fast-flowing river and the tidal estuary stretched as far as Hackney Wick.[4]
Two routes may have used the ford, both continuing through Essex and including Colchester amongst their destinations. Colchester[5] was where the Romans set up their initial capital for their occupation, and the road was upgraded to run from the area of London Bridge as one of the first paved Roman roads in Britain.
The routes using the ford were:
- A pre-Roman route that followed the modern Oxford Street and Old Street, through Bethnal Green to Old Ford and thence across a causeway through the marshes known as Wanstead Slip (now transferred to Leyton).
- The Roman Road that emerged from London's Wall at Aldgate and went via Stratford and Chelmsford to Colchester and beyond. Beyond the M25, much of this route is now known as the A12.
The bridge
In 1110, Matilda, wife of Henry I, reputedly took a tumble at the ford on her way to Barking Abbey and ordered a distinctively bow-shaped three-arched bridge to be built over the River Lea. The building of the bridge at Bow didn't leave Old Ford as a backwater and the ford continued to be well used, but it was in an isolated and rural area and the local population centre moved to Bow in the middle ages. Old Ford was the site of one of the many watermills in the area that supplied flour to the bakers of Stratforde-atte-Bow, and hence bread to the City. Due to their isolation, residents were given dispensation to worship in the chapel of ease at Stratforde-atte-Bow, later Bow Church, to save the often difficult journey to the parish church of St Dunstan's at Stepney.
A lock and weir now exist on the Lee Navigation near where the ford used to be. This lies at the end of 'Hackney Cut', an 18th-century artificial channel, and the natural channel (known as the Waterworks River) rejoins the channel below the lock.
Settlement to district
Farming and market gardening prevailed in the settlement until the 19th century when Old Ford became a part of the seamless London conurbation as a district, with large estates of relatively poor houses and much poverty. These were built to serve the new factories on the Lea and Lee Navigation and to serve the new railways.
In 1865, a 30-acre plot was purchased to be used as a gasworks, but the Gas Light and Coke Company established what would become known as Fish Island, giving it its distinctive road names, and building a mixed residential and industrial development instead.[6]
The North London Railway had a line through the area with a station at Old Ford railway station. The line was badly damaged during World War II and never reopened. The station buildings were demolished in the early 1960s.
Reconstruction
As part of the post-war rebuilding, the Lakeview Estate was built and designed by Berthold Lubetkin, on a site damaged by bombing in World War II, on Grove Road between Old Ford Road and the Hertford Union Canal.[7] The estate opened in 1958.[7]
Fish Island also saw significant bombing during the war, with damaged housing demolished post-war to make way for factories and warehouses.[8]
St Barnabas's, Bethnal Green was also badly damaged by bombing during the Second World War;[9] the steeple was removed and the church rebuilt, retaining the tower and north and south walls.[9] The remodelling was carried out by J Anthony Lewis of architects Michael Tapper & Lewis, who commissioned the sculptor Don Potter to create The Four Evangelists on the outside of the building.[10]
Contemporary
In 1991, St Paul's, Old Ford was closed due to maintenance and safety concerns. The Parochial Church Council and local people were determined to see that the church remained open and, in fact, was improved. The "A New Heart for Bow" project was born. More than £3,000,000 was raised from more than a dozen sources and philanthropies. Matthew Lloyd Architects was appointed to refurbish the building and enable it to serve the wider community as well as the church. Work began in March 2003 and ended over a year later, in May 2004.[11]
The Percy Dalton Peanut Factory was at Fish Island, occupying Britannia Works and gatehouse along Dace Road, and another building on Smeed Road. Britannia Works has been run as an artists studio building by SPACE since 2000.[12]
Channel 4’s The Big Breakfast was broadcast live from a former lockkeeper's cottages, commonly referred to as "The Big Breakfast House", or more simply, "The House", located on Fish Island, in Old Ford[13] from 28 September 1992 until 29 March 2002.[14]
An annual fête and music festival held on Wennington Green in Mile End Park called the St Barnabas Community Fete began in 2003. The 2007 St Barnabas Community Fete featured as a case study in the 'Community' section of the Living Britain report published by Zurich and The Future Laboratory,[15]
In 2003, H. Forman and Son learned of London's bid to host the 2012 Summer Olympics. The company would have to relocate from Stratford following a Compulsory Purchase Order.[16] Then Mayor of London, Boris Johnson, officially opened the newly finished smokehouse in Old Ford in 2009.[17] The company's headquarters is the closest building (100m distant) to the stadium outside of the Olympic Park.[18]
Fish Island has a long history as a home to artists and art spaces,[19] having one of the highest densities of fine artists, designers and artisans in Europe according to a 2009 study which found around 600 artists' studios.[20]
The Palm Tree, which was Grade-II listed in 2015 by Historic England.[21] It was a popular pub within Mile End Park but was closed in 2018 and was put up for sale.[22] It has since reopened.[23]
Geography
The Bow Wharf is the point where the Regent's Canal meets the Hertford Union Canal at the Hertford Union Junction between Mile End Lock and Old Ford Lock on the Regent's Canal.[24]
Communal facilities
Local council facilities are grouped around Roman Road market. The local library, now called an Idea Store, is situated in Gladstone Place. A community and tenants' hall is nearby. Access to council services is dealt with by the Bow and North Poplar One Stop Shop in Ewart Place.
Transport
Old Ford is served by bus route 8 to Tottenham Court Road station and Bow Church as well as a number of local bus routes 277, 276, 339, 425 and 488 and D6. It is also linked to the London Night Bus network by the N8 and N277.
Old Ford has no access to the London Underground network, but was formerly connected to the British rail network at Old Ford railway station on the North London Railway[25] and at Coborn Road on the Great Eastern Main Line.[26]
Old Ford is connected to the National Road Network via Parnell Road and Tredegar Road to the A12 (East Cross Route) running north/north east-south.
Access to the Hertford Union Canal is via the tow-path (which the National Cycle Route 1 also passes along) from Wick Road at St Marks Gate (Victoria Park). East leads to the Lee Navigation where proceeding north leads to Hackney Marshes. Turning south along the Lea leads through Bow Locks, into Bow Creek and thence to the River Thames, but the tow-path can often be blocked. West from Wick Road leads to the Hertford Union junction where the canal joins the Regent's Canal, near Mile End. There is a footbridge over the East Cross Route linking Fish Island.
References
- ↑ http://www.mernick.org.uk/thhol/oldford.html
- ↑ http://www.lamas.org.uk/images/documents/Transactions59/039-060%20Crown%20Wharf.pdf
- ↑ Mapping the sub-surface drift geology of Greater London gravel extraction areas (Museum of London Archaeology Service report for English Heritage 2002/3) accessed 28 March 2008
- ↑ http://www.mernick.org.uk/thhol/oldford.html
- ↑ Celtic : Camulodunon, Roman : Camulodunum derived from Camulus, a Celtic God of War
- ↑ Bridget Cherry; Charles O'Brien; Nikolaus Pevsner (2005). London: East. Yale University Press. p. 626. ISBN 978-0-300-10701-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=EW7k2KA4UkwC&pg=PA626.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 'Bethnal Green: Building and Social Conditions after 1945 Social and Cultural Activities', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 11: Stepney, Bethnal Green (1998), pp. 135-147. Retrieved on 2008-12-25.
- ↑ "Fish Island Conservation Area". Tower Hamlets Council. http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/idoc.ashx?docid=4861d750-224a-4a43-8a33-d37f7d3a575f&version=-1. Retrieved 2014-09-06.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Bethnal Green: List of Churches". A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 11: Stepney, Bethnal Green. 1998. pp. 217–26. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22762.
- ↑ Light, Vivienne (2002). Don Potter: an inspiring century. Brook, New Forest, Hampshire: Canterton Books. p. 166, note 9: 'Don received several London commissions from the architect, Anthony Lewis.'. ISBN 0-9541627-1-4.
- ↑ "St Paul's, Old Ford". Church of England webpage. http://www.achurchnearyou.com/st-mark-victoria-park. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
- ↑ http://www.spacestudios.org.uk/archive-studios/the-cut-oral-histories-4-2-9-5/
- ↑ "Lockkeeper's Cottages, Old Ford Lock - Google Maps". Maps.google.co.uk. 1 January 1970. http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q=Lockkeeper's+Cottages,+Old+Ford+Lock&sll=54.162434,-3.647461&sspn=12.526923,29.619141&ie=UTF8&ll=51.538244,-0.020471&spn=0.000811,0.001808&t=k&z=19&iwloc=A&om=. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
- ↑ "Toasting the end of The Big Breakfast". BBC. 29 March 2002. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1897300.stm. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
- ↑ Living Britain: How Britain's towns and cities are undergoing cultural revival, London, 2007, pages 87 (photo), 90-91
- ↑ "Businesses pen IOC protest letter". BBC News. May 5, 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/olympics_2012/4489021.stm. Retrieved June 19, 2015.
- ↑ Rick Pendrous (January 24, 2009), "Johnson opens new H. Forman & Son site", The Grocer, http://www.thegrocer.co.uk/fmcg/johnson-opens-new-h-forman-and-son-site/196964.article, retrieved June 19, 2015
- ↑ Gabriella Griffith "One Year On: ‘They may as well have built the Olympic Park on the Moon ", Management Today, July 29, 2013. Retrieved June 19, 2015.
- ↑ Curtis, Nick (2014-06-27). "Fish Island Labs: the Barbican's fuzzy new frontier where art and technology meet". London Evening Standard. https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/london-life/fish-island-labs-the-barbicans-fuzzy-new-frontier-where-art-and-technology-meet-9567465.html. Retrieved 2014-09-06.
- ↑ "Creative. Connected. World Class. East Wick and Sweetwater. Development opportunity on Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park.". London Legacy Development Corporation. http://www.londonlegacy.co.uk/media/East-Wick-and-Sweetwater-brochure2.pdf. Retrieved 2014-09-06.
- ↑ National Heritage List 1427142: The Palm Tree public house, Mile End
- ↑ http://www.barryoneoff.co.uk/mlend.html
- ↑ https://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/Attraction_Review-g186338-d8569444-Reviews-The_Palm_Tree_Pub-London_England.html
- ↑ "Bow Wharf - Regent's Canal - Canal & River Trust". https://canalrivertrust.org.uk/news-and-views/media-centre/filming-and-photography/our-filming-and-photography-locations/bow-wharf-regents-canal. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
- ↑ Forgotten Stations of Greater London by J.E.Connor and B.Halford page 73
- ↑ "GE RailRef Line Codes Great Eastern". http://www.s-r-s.org.uk/railref/ref-ge.html.