Hull Trinity House

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Trinity House, Hull

Trinity House in Kingston upon Hull is a seafarers' organization of mediæval foundation consisting of a charity for seafarers, a school, and a guild of mariners. It is most usually known as the Hull Trinity House, to avoid confusion with the lighthouse authority named Trinity House, though Hull had the name first and is presumed to have inspired the name of its more famous namesake.

The guild originated as a religious guild providing support and almshouses for the needy, and established a school for mariners in 1787. By the 18th century it had responsibilities including management of the harbour at Hull, and buoys and pilotage in the Humber estuary.

After the loss of many of its responsibilities as a result of the Humber Conservancy Act of 1852, the guild continued its work as a charity, and the provision of education, which continues to the present day. The school, now known as Hull Trinity House Academy, is now a secondary boys' school.

Hull Trinity House Charity supports seafarers and their families;[1] supported by property holdings, it operates rest homes, as well as Welton Waters Adventure Centre.

History

The Trinity House was formally established in 1369, by the adoption of the 'first subscription deed', in which Robert Marshall, Alderman, and around fifty other men founded a guild named the 'Guild of the Holy Trinity. As with other guilds of the day, it would have masses said, attended at Holy Trinity Church, buy candles, attend funerals, and aid any sick member of the guild. The subscription fee was 2 shillings.[2] Initially there was no clear connection with maritime trades.[3][4]

In 1457, King Edward IV granted the guild the rights of lowage and stowage (duties payable for loading and unloading), and this income enabled the guild to build an almshouse and chapel for thirteen persons impoverished by some misfortune relating to seafaring.[5][6][7] It is thought that the guild amalgamated with a 'Shipmans Guild' in around 1457. The same year the property known as Trinity House was acquired from Carmelite friars. The building of today stands on the site but was rebuilt in 1753.

In 1541, King Henry VIII re-affirmed the guild's right to charge lowage and stowage for the support of an almshouse with a charter, as well as the rights of a legal entity, such as the ability to sue or hold property. The charter was re-affirmed in 1547, 1554, and 1567.

In 1567, Queen Elizabeth I granted the guild powers to settle disputes between ships' masters and seamen, and to prevent any seamen thought unfit to take charge of a vessel.[8]

Under a 1581 charter the guild regulated the use of The Haven (late the Old harbour), and licensed pilots. It also positioned buoys and beacons in the Humber for navigation.[9] The right to charge primage, a local import duty, was granted in the 1581 charter.[10] By the 1600s most matters of governance and tolls relating to the Port of Hull were controlled by the Trinity House.[9]

In 1625, Ferres, an elder brother of the guild founded an Almshouse, Ferres' Hospital; on his death it was taken over by the guild.[8]

In 1680, King Charles II appointed the guild as managers of the Haven, and affirmed the right to charge primage, set buoys, appoint pilots and make bylaws.[11]

Trinity House building, c.1753

The Trinity House, the building, was rebuilt in 1753,[11] and a guild house added in 1775. The buildings were of brick, with stucco fronts, in a Tuscan style.[12] Statues of Neptune and Britannia were installed above the main entrance, with the building forming a square around a courtyard, with almhouse rooms around it. In 1835 the guild had several other almshouses around the town.[13]

The Trinity House became an important institution in Hull in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, with some influence over civic matters, as well as supporting and opposing bills in parliament relating to the towns trade and port. The guild was cofounder of the Hull Dock Company, provided half the capital for the Humber Dock, and backed the creation of the West Dock Company.[14][15][16] During this period members and institutions of the Trinity house were together with the Hull Corporation and other interests constant presences at visits to the town of royalty, nobles and other important persons.[17] The guild was also the authority for other ports, such as Bridlington and the Port of Grimsby, and its members were consulted by the state on maritime matters.[18] Waters north of Whitby were governed by a similar historic institution, Trinity House, Newcastle, which also still exists, but which has always been separate and distinct from its Hull counterpart.

During the late 16th, 17th and 18th centuries the guild both supported and opposed bills to construct lighthouses at Spurn and Flamborough; acts of 1766 and 1772 placed lighthouse construction under the jurisdiction of the Deptford Trinity House, while the Hull guild was responsible for lighting and maintenance. All responsibilities passed to the Deptford guild in 1836.[19]

In 1810 a lifeboat was set up at Spurn Point, funded by subscription, with a crew provided by the Trinity House.[20] The lifeboat became the responsibility of the Humber Conservancy Board in 1908.[21]

The guild reached the peak of its influence and power in the Napoleonic era, to the extent that it became the target of criticism and attack in the press. In 1852 the guild lost its monopoly on the Humber with the Humber Conservancy Act. Rights of lowage, stowage, and excusive rights of pilotage were lost in the 19th century.[22] The guild continued in its charitable and educational efforts after it had lost much of its power as regards shipping and pilotage.[23]

Trinity House School

In 1785 a marine school was founded on the property of the Trinity House.[24] A new building was constructed on the Trinity House site, adjacent to the chapel and the school opened in 1787 with 36 boys and with T.O. Rogers as master. Students were taught reading, writing, accountancy, religion, and navigation for three years after which they were apprenticed.[25]

The school moved to a new building in 1842, and was split into lower and upper schools in 1849.[26] By 1856 the school taught 98 boys;[27] by the 1870s the school had 180 pupils.[28]

By the second half of the 20th century the school ('Trinity House Navigation School') had become an independent secondary technical school.[29] The school was modernised in 1956.[30] In 1963 it had 180 pupils and was located at its 1842 site.[26] A third floor was added to the school in 1973.[30]

The school gained "specialist" status in 2008, and became an academy in 2012.[31] In 2013 the school move to a new site on George Street, using a refurbished former university building, the Derek Crothall building, formerly part of the University of Lincoln (formerly Humberside Polytechnic, and before then Hull Nautical College).[31][32]

In 2014 the site of the old school was approved for demolition.[30] The site of the old school is now a car park/events area called Zebedee's Yard.

See also

Outside links

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References

  1. ↑ Hull Trinity House Charity - Registered Charity no. 220331 at the Charity Commission
  2. ↑ Allsion 1969, ¶ 1.
  3. ↑ Allsion 1969, ¶ 2.
  4. ↑ Sheahan 1864, p. 457.
  5. ↑ Gillett & MacMahon 1980, p. 116.
  6. ↑ Allsion 1969, ¶ 6.
  7. ↑ Sheahan 1864, p. 458.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Sheahan 1864, p. 459.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Gillett & MacMahon 1980, pp. 160–162.
  10. ↑ Allison 1969, ¶ 16.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Sheahan 1864, p. 461.
  12. ↑ National Heritage List 1219563: Hull Trinity House
  13. ↑ Parsons 1835, pp. 221–223.
  14. ↑ Sheahan 1864, pp. 287–288, 294.
  15. ↑ Gillett & MacMahon 1980, pp. 199, 219–220, 222–223.
  16. ↑ Allison 1969, ¶ 39, 42, 43, 46.
  17. ↑ Sheahan 1864.
  18. ↑ Allison 1969, ¶ 21–23, 43.
  19. ↑ Allison 1969, ¶ 24–26.
  20. ↑ Sheahan 1864, pp. 154–5.
  21. ↑ Allison 1969, ¶ 27.
  22. ↑ Allison 1969, ¶ 48.
  23. ↑ Allison 1969, ¶ 49.
  24. ↑ Sheahan 1864, p. 465.
  25. ↑ Allision 1969a, Philanthropy and the Education of the Poor, 1700–1800.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Allision 1969a, Schools in Existence before 1945 : "Trinity House School".
  27. ↑ Allision 1969a, Education as a Private and Denominational Enterprise, 1830–70.
  28. ↑ Allision 1969a, The School Board Era, 1870–1902.
  29. ↑ Allision 1969a, Educational Development since 1945.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 Young, Angus (6 June 2014), "Car park at Trinity House in Hull city centre approved", Hull Daily Mail, http://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/Car-park-Trinity-House-Hull-city-centre-approved/story-21198713-detail/story.html, retrieved 26 July 2015 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 "Hull Trinity House Academy moves after 170 years", BBC News Humberside, 12 July 2013, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-23287959, retrieved 26 July 2015 
  32. ↑ "Hull Trinity House Academy", houlton.co.uk, http://houlton.co.uk/projects/7/hull-trinity-house-academy, retrieved 26 July 2015 

Further reading

  • Harvey, A.S. (1950), The Trinity House of Kingston Upon Hull 
  • Jackson, Gordon (1972), Hull in the Eighteenth Century: A study in economic and social history, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-713415-7 
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