Newcastle-upon-Tyne Trinity House

Trinity House courtyard, Newcastle upon Tyne

Newcastle-upon-Tyne Trinity House is a private corporation in Newcastle upon Tyne and its grand headquarters.

The full name of the corporation is 'The Master Pilots and Seamen of the Corporation of the Trinity House, Newcastle Upon Tyne'. It emerged in the 16th century as a guild formed by the town's seafarers. For the past 500 years it has occupied premises in Broad Chare on Newcastle's Quayside, from which it continues to provide a combination of professional and charitable maritime services. It remains one of only a handful bodies in the United Kingdom authorized for the examination and licensing of deep sea pilots.

The corporation is a registered charity.

Origins

The 'Guild of the Blessed Trinity of Newcastle upon Tyne' emerged in the late 15th century, and was formally constituted on 4 January 1505 when it obtained an area of land close to the river on which to build a Chapel, meeting room and lodgings for mariners. (It was secured by the quit-rent of one red rose, payable annually to a Mr Ralph Hebborn on Midsummer's Day.) It received its first Royal Charter from King Henry VIII in 1536, just 22 years after the King had incorporated the more famous Corporation of Trinity House of Deptford Strond. The name of the corporation echoes that of Deptford but also the much earlier guild of the same name in Kingston upon Hull, now known as 'Hull Trinity House'.

Early in its history, the Corporation (as it came to be known) was given responsibility for improving the Tyne as a navigable river. King Henry's charter stipulated the building and fortification of a pair of towers at a certain point on the north bank, and the maintenance of lights thereon for the purposes of navigation. (These were precursors of the High and Low Lights which still stand today at North Shields).

Trinity House: the building

'Trinity House' is the name of the Corporation's headquarters buildings by the Quayside, a site which it has occupied since the day of its foundation in 1505. Though there have been several rebuildings, some sixteenth-century (and older) fabric remains, and later 18th and 19th-century additions and restorations were sympathetic to the Tudor style of the original. A Chapel, some offices, the Banqueting Hall and Board Room, along with the former school and several almshouse buildings, are arranged around three courtyards, described as 'the most pleasant exterior spaces' in the city. Entry is by way of a gateway on Broad Chare. The warehouses to the south of the gatehouse are currently leased to Live Theatre; they formerly housed a Trinity House museum.

Later developments

Before long, the Corporation was responsible for the licensing of mariners and pilots and for 'keeping the sea lanes' between Whitby and Berwick-upon-Tweed. At the same time, the Corporation was (and had been since its early years) active in charitable work, including provision of almshouses for aged mariners and the establishment of a school on its premises. All these activities were financed principally through the levying of duties on every ship entering the Tyne to trade – a practice which only ceased in 1861.

Following the passing of the Harbour and Passing Tolls Act in 1861, the Corporation began to devolve some responsibilities to other bodies; in particular, a new board took on responsibility for pilotage on the Tyne, and a new Commission took on maintenance of the river's channels and buoyage, together with the Corporation's lights at North and South Shields. Newcastle Trinity House continued though to be responsible for buoys, marks and lights along parts of the coast until the mid-1990s.

Present-day activities and governance

The Arms of the Corporation, displayed in the main courtyard

Today, the Corporation remains active in the provision of professional and charitable maritime services. In addition to its work as a Deep Sea Pilot authority, it also offers a broader professional maritime consultancy service. It furthermore continues to provide charitable support for 'aged mariners and their widows', as well as varied educational programmes (raising an awareness of maritime history and practice among younger generations, including in schools). It is also committed to the upkeep of its historic buildings (which are nowadays regularly used for corporate and other events) and its extensive archives.

Trinity House is governed by a Royal Charter of 1667, and has been a registered charity since 1966. Its operation is overseen by an annually elected board; principal officers include the Master, Deputy Master and several Wardens with responsibility for different areas of activity. All are master mariners, except the Secretary to the Board. Mariners who are full members of the Corporation are styled Brethren. Others wishing to support the work of the charity may join as 'associate members'. On formal occasions the Brethren wear a naval-style uniform (similar to that worn by their counterparts in Trinity House, Deptford).

The Arms of the Corporation are worn as a cap-badge, and are also prominent on and in the buildings of Trinity House (not just those on Broad Chare, but also structures built and owned by the Corporation in former years such as North Shields High Light).

Despite several similarities of nomenclature, structure and activity, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Trinity House is and always has been entirely independent of its namesake Trinity House in Deptford. Trinity House, Kingston-Upon-Hull is similarly an independent body with past and continuing maritime responsibilities in and around the Humber, and Trinity House of Leith formally bore similar responsibilities.

Pictures

• 
  Entrance to the complex from Broad Chare (1841)
• 
  North wing of the main court yard, probably the oldest part of the complex (in part maybe 14th-century)
• 
  South side of the main court yard: the Banqueting Hall (rebuilt 1721) and Board Room (rebuilt 1791)
• 
  Former almshouses on the west of the court yard (rebuilt 1787)
• 
  Low yard, adjacent to the main complex: part of the former School (left, rebuilt 1753) and more almshouses (1782).
• 
  Further almshouses to the south (1820)

Outside links

• Newcastle Trinity House
• Photographs of interior (BBC)