Cosgrove Aqueduct
| Cosgrove Aqueduct | |
| Buckinghamshire, Northamptonshire | |
|---|---|
 The Cosgrove Aqueduct | |
| Location | |
| Type: | Navigable aqueduct |
| Carrying: | Grand Union Canal |
| Crossing: | Great Ouse |
| Location | |
| Grid reference: | SP800417 |
| Location: | 52°4’7"N, -0°50’1"W |
| Structure | |
| Type: | Navigable aqueduct |
| Material: | cast iron, brick |
| History | |
| Information | |
Cosgrove Aqueduct is a cast iron, navigable, trough aqueduct which carries the Grand Union Canal over the River Great Ouse, which here marks the border of Northamptonshire to the north with Buckinghamshire to the south. The Buckinghamshire side of the aqueduct is at the north-west margin of Milton Keynes, and the northern end at Cosgrove. The present structure was built in 1811, to replace a previous brick structure that had failed.
When the present structure was erected, it was known as the "Iron Trunk".
The structure has two cast iron trough spans, with a single central masonry pier. The abutments were constructed in masonry but have been refaced in brick during the twentieth century. The trough is fifteen feet wide, six feet six inches deep, with a total length of 101 feet. The canal surface is about 40 feet above the surface of the river. There are large approach earthworks about 36 feet high above the valley floor and 150 feet wide, with a total length of half a mile.
Origins
The Grand Junction Canal (later absorbed into the Grand Union Canal) was required to cross the course of the River Great Ouse, at the lowest point between the summits at Tring and Braunston. Initially flights of locks, four at the southeast and five at the northwest, were used to allow the canal to descend to cross the river on the level, and this arrangement came into action in 1800. However William Jessop, the canal company’s engineer, designed a three-arch brick viaduct so that the canal could cross at a higher level, reducing the water loss and delay in locking down to river level.
Jessop's structure was opened on 26 August 1805. However a section of the canal embankment collapsed in January 1806; this was repaired, but the aqueduct structure itself collapsed in February 1808, severing the canal.
Although Jessop is sometimes blamed for the failure of the first structure, the collapse actually led to a legal dispute with the original contractor. The issue went to trial, with damages eventually being awarded to the Grand Junction Company for loss of trade while the canal was out of action, and the cost of the replacement aqueduct.
The second structure
As a temporary measure the lock system originally installed was brought back into use, and Benjamin Bevan, an engineer employed by the canal company, designed a replacement structure. By this time, cast iron trough aqueducts designed by Thomas Telford for the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and elsewhere, had become proven, and Bevan adopted the system for his structure. However, the canal was then operating as a wide canal in contradistinction to some northern narrowboat canals, so that the troughs had to be substantially larger and stronger than elsewhere.
The cast iron units were cast at the Ketley foundry at Coalbrookdale; the company had already been involved with Telford on the Longdon-on-Tern aqueduct. They were transported to Cosgrove by the canal itself, and assembled and erected at site. The new structure was completed in January 1811.
Structural details
To resist the substantial additional loading of a wide canal, Bevan designed the floor sections to be arched, providing additional strength; in addition there are arch ribs built in with the trough side plates to give additional shear strength.
The towpath is cantilevered from one side, as at Froncysyllte, and supported by diagonal struts. There is a cattle creep in the embankment either side of the main structure; cattle creeps are small field-to-field access openings for farm animals and occasionally, as in this case, pedestrians.
Outside links
- Engineering Timelines:
- Milton Keynes and the aqueduct
References
- Labrum, E A, Civil Engineering Heritage, Eastern and Central England, Thomas Telford (1994).
- Lewis, Peter R., Disaster on the Dee: Robert Stephenson's Nemesis of 1847, Tempus (2007)