Newdigate
| Newdigate | |
| Surrey | |
|---|---|
 St Peter's Parish Church, Newdigate | |
| Location | |
| Grid reference: | TQ2043 |
| Location: | 51°10’43"N, 0°16’42"W |
| Data | |
| Population: | 1,749 (2011[1]) |
| Post town: | Dorking |
| Postcode: | RH5 |
| Dialling code: | 01306 |
| Local Government | |
| Council: | Mole Valley |
| Parliamentary constituency: |
Mole Valley |
Newdigate is a village and parish in Surrey, lying in a relatively flat part of the Weald to the east of the A24 road between Dorking and Horsham, 13 miles east-south-east of Guildford. Newdigate is for the most part in Copthorne Hundred, forming a detached part of it. But the hamlet of Parkgate and the part of the parish near it are in Reigate Hundred. Neighbouring parishes are Charlwood, North Holmwood, South Holmwood, Leigh and Capel.
History
Etymology
The name of Newdigate refers to a place at the gate or path to a wood. Surviving manuscripts such as manorial rolls, Assize Rolls and Feet of Fines give forms including Newdegate (13th century), Newedegate and Neudegate (15th century) and Nudgate (16th century).[2] The name Ewood (Iwode in Feet of Fines 1312) occurs in the parish and might derive from Old English for a forest of yew-trees, in which case the 'N' survives from a prefix such as 'in' (O.E. 'on') or 'at the' (O.E. 'be þane'). Alternatively, the word may refer to a 'New wood'.[3]
Early history
In early history Newdigate was at the western heart of the Weald a much more dense wooded forest occupying the space between the North and South Downs.[4][5]
Middle Ages
The place does not appear at all in the 1086 Domesday Book, and the connection with Copthorne hundred is a probable result of the land holding by the Montfort family of Newdigate together with Ashtead Manor, while Parkgate was held with Reigate and Dorking by the Earls of Warenne and Surrey.
Newdigate has a mediæval church, St Peter's Church, which is a Grade-II* listed building.[6]
The tower of the church is one of the finest examples of oak building in the county. Malden. 1911[2]
Ewood (Yew Wood) was described during the mediæval period as a "park" which was an enclosure of the forest for the purpose of deer hunting - the patent rolls of 1312 refer to it.
As Newdigate began as a road through the forest (Reigate to Ockley) rather than a fixed settlement.[2] An inclosure of considerable land later gave rise to the name Parkgate, the "gate" by now meaning an entrance.
Newdigate or Marshlands Manor
In 1564 Trinity College, Cambridge's estate at Newdigate was divided amongst various tenants who paid quit-rents, heriots, and owed suit of court. In 1702 its manor house and farms of Naylors, Horseland, and Bearland, in good repair, were let to Dr Akehurst, remained in the possession of Trinity College until the middle of the 19th century.[2]
Newdigate Place
Newdigate Place also often early on named Newdigate Manor was the seat of Richard de Newdigate's family from 1234–5, a large house standing round a courtyard. Henry Nevill, then Lord Abergavenny at the close of the 16th century (Tudor Period) was overlord only of the manor, it having descended to him. Newdigate Place was almost totally demolished near the end of the 18th century. From 1636–1810 the manor was owned by the Budgen family.[2] A former version standing close to it was pulled down by John Budgen owner between 1772 and 1805.[2] In 1810 the buyer was the Duke of Norfolk.[2]
Cudworth Manor
In 1298–9 Walter de la Poyle died seised of the site of the manor of Cudworth or Cudford, in Newdigate and Rusper, Sussex which he held of the Abbot of Chertsey in socage.
Building material of medieval date visible in the footings of the present house suggest that in its final form the moated manor took the form of a courtyard house of which extensive remains may survive in what is now the garden of the house.[7]
Manor and Park of Ewood/Iwood
In 1574 a survey was taken of the dwelling houses and buildings, including the ironworks, furnace, forge, and hammer, which were then worked by Robert Reynolds, who was occupying the mansion house and park, and who also held the brew house and watermill for grinding corn. The ironworks were then said to be worth £40 yearly.[2] After many more owners — Sir Francis Carew was among the owners — Joseph Valentine Grimstead sold it to the Duke of Norfolk in 1786.
In 1807 the Duke of Norfolk began to build a new house at Ewood, but it was never completed, and the part built was pulled down after the duke's death in 1815.[2] By 1911 Henry Lee Steere of Jayes Park, Ockley, was Lord of the Manor.
Kingsland Manor
Fewer nobility have held this manor, namely in 1619 Kingsland Manor was briefly purchased by Sir Thomas Bludder and by 1716 ended up in the use of Ezra Gill, Lords of the manor of Temple Elfold, Capel.[2]
Early industry in Newdigate
Owing to its iron foundry, for which a former lake, Ewood Pond was built, Newdigate was among the parishes excepted by name from the Act 1 Elizabeth against cutting of timber, and the works at Ewood were excepted by name from a later Act on the same matter owing to the good management of the woods.[2]
Post industrial Revolution
Based on the 1841 Census, Samuel Lewis (publisher) wrote in his topographical guide to England that the population was 552. St Peter's living as today is a rectory and in the patronage of the Crown. All tithes have been commuted for £580, and the glebe comprised in 1848 four acres.[8] A description given in 1911 for the Victoria County Histories topological summary is in terms of land use: "The parish is still thickly wooded, and is purely agricultural, except for brick and tile works."[2]
Charities funded an exhibition (scholarship) for four years study for one of the school's pupils to Trinity College, Cambridge.[8]
From the 1930s to the early 1980s Newdigate was home to the Schermuly Rocket Pistol Apparatus Limited, manufacturer of devices for firing rescue lines to stricken ships.[9]
Geography
Newdigate is 1½ miles east of the A24 road between Dorking and Horsham, 13 miles east-south-east of Guildford and 25 miles south of London.[10]
Endemic to the soil in Newdigate are a number of thick clay beds making the area was home to numerous brickmaking businesses. However, the local brickworks is now a housing estate called Mulberry Place, or more commonly, "The Mulberries".
During 2018 & 2019, Newdigate has been the centre of many earthquakes, the strongest striking in 2019 and having a magnitude of 3.1
Localities
Cudworth
Cudworth is a hamlet a mile south-east of the village centre of Newdigate. In its centre is a scheduled ancient monument, Grade-II*-listed tight-moated manor house, Cudworth Manor, see history above.[7]
Parkgate
Parkgate contains several residential roads, split by Ewood and Parkgate copses, two small copses part of a small forest from Reffolds Copse to Furzefield and Hammonds Copses.
Economy, Culture and Community
Newdigate has a village shop with a sub post office and two public houses as well as many small businesses.
Newdigate village hall is a substantial building hired out for activities and events.[11]
Due to a controlled number of properties in good condition, village amenities and Endowed Infant School the house prices in Newdigate are considerably higher than in nearby North and South Holmwood; the area is very much part of the London Commuter Belt and the nearest railway station is Holmwood railway station which is on the Mole Valley Line. The location of this station is in fact Beare Green, Capel 1¾ miles away from the village centre.
Education
- Newdigate Infant School is in the village.
References
- ↑ Key Statistics; Quick Statistics: Population Density United Kingdom Census 2011 Office for National Statistics Retrieved 21 November 2013
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 H.E. Malden, ed (1911). "Parishes: Newdigate". A History of the County of Surrey: Volume 3. Institute of Historical Research. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42972. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
- ↑ E. Ekwall, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names (Clarendon Press, Oxford 1947), p. 324, and pp. 185-86.
- ↑ The book of Newdigate: portrait of a Wealden Village (2002), John Callcut, published by Halsgrove, Devon, U.K, pp 1-160, illustrated
- ↑ Newdigate (a Surrey wealden parish): its history and houses (1993), Joan Harding and Joyce Banks, The Surrey Archaeological Society, Castle Arch, Castle Street, Guildford, pp 1-228 with diagrams and maps
- ↑ St Peter's Church Grade II listing National Heritage List 1378141: Newdigate
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Grade-II listing of Cudworth Manor National Heritage List 1028715: Newdigate
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Samuel Lewis, ed (1848). "Newchurch - Newington". A Topographical Dictionary of England. Institute of Historical Research. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=51172. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
- ↑ "Schermuly website". Cyber-heritage.co.uk. 1929-01-01. http://www.cyber-heritage.co.uk/schermuly/. Retrieved 2012-03-16.
- ↑ Grid reference Finder measurement tools
- ↑ Newdigate Civil Parish Council and village website
Outside links
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