Crynant

Crynant
Glamorgan
The Square, Crynant
Location
Grid reference:	SN793047
Location:	51°43’41"N, 3°44’49"W
Data
Population:	1,910  (2011)
Postcode:	SA10
Dialling code:	01639
Local Government
Council:	Neath Port Talbot
Parliamentary constituency:	Neath

Crynant is a village in the Dulais Valley in Glamorgan. It lies 7¾ miles north-east from the town of Neath, lying between the mountains of Mynydd Marchywel to the west, Hirfynydd to the east and Mynydd y Drum to the north.

Crynant is a long village, lying on the narrow valley floor and lower slopes of Hirfynydd. Originally there were separate villages (essentially separate farms), such as the region of Treforgan, but all have now merged into a single village. The River Dulais flows through the village.

Etymology

The name Y Creunant has its etymology, like many Welsh place names, in description. 'Creu' (or nghreu) meaning the creation, or beginning, and 'nant' meaning stream or brook. A different interpretation of the prefix is 'crai', implying a narrow place signifying a brook that has to make its way through a narrow place. Another explanation states that the place name is a contraction of Croyw-nant, the clear brook. Creu also means a pound, as in an animal pound by the stream, a pound was known to have been sited on ground opposite the Red Lion public house at the town square.

History

In the Middle Ages, there was a small monastic cell in Crynant where monks and other pilgrims would break their journeys. The village first appeared on maps as Capel Creunant (Creunant Chapel) which may have referred to the monastic outpost. Crynant remained a rural agricultural community of scattered farms until the 19th century, and the discovery of coal.

The first colliery was Maes Mawr Colliery opened in 1874 and can still be seen at the site of the old Blaenant Colliery at the top end of Brynawel Pen Pentre, a terrace of old cottages, the first street to be built in the village. Men seeking work down the mines began arriving in Creunant, and the current village started taking shape, centred on the Square. Pen Pentre, the Square, Maes Mawr and Station Road all date from the 19th century. Station Road referred to the fact that the Neath and Brecon Railway ran through the village (built in the mid-1860s).

Cefn Coed Colliery opened in 1928 and was claimed to be the deepest anthracite mine in the world. It closed in 1968.

However, none of the former collieries are operational today, and all but one have largely been reclaimed by nature. The only colliery with some of its buildings still in a good state of repair is Blaenant Colliery, which was an extension of the old Cefn Coed. The Cefn Coed Colliery Museum now housed there is named after the original mine. Blaenant was the last colliery to close. Until the late 1980s, there was another large colliery in the village, Treforgan Colliery, which has since been demolished. Part of the former site was used to establish Crynant Business Park. Scattered around the village are the remains of older collieries (such as Tynewydd and Top Jebbs). The end of coal mining changed the face of the village, the valley and the whole of the South Wales Coalfield. The valley is beginning to develop from an economic depression brought with the end of industry, and services are limited.

Employment

Farming is still important to the village and the hillsides are dotted with sheep and some cattle. The cattle are all for meat, with no dairy industry in the village. The village has a few small shops, the most famous being the old-fashioned Segadelli's (or Stella's) sweet shop on the square which sells ice cream and boiled sweets including Swansea mixture.

Crynant Business Park has been established upon the Treforgan site, enabling smaller companies to generate some employment for the community. Crynant Plant, a building and demolition company, is still by far the largest industry in the area, however most people commute to work to Neath, Swansea, or further afield.

Countryside

The countryside is very different from many Welsh coal mining villages, and is much prettier now that the coal tips to the south of the village have been removed, and those at Treforgan are now hidden under silver birch (although this site is now a haven for motor cross and quad bikes, much to the consternation of the people living nearby). Both sides of the village used to be covered by farmed conifer forests, but these have been removed by the Forestry Commission in order for native trees to grow. As this will be a slow process the hills now look quite bleak in places.

The river Dulais flows through the village and was often referred to as the Black River due to pollution by coal dust from the local mining industry. With the demise of the mines, the river runs clear again. A slaughter house used to stand on the banks of the river, at the end of Maes Mawr, and the blood used to stain the river red. Apparently, the red wavy lines at the top of the Crynant badge, the emblem of the rugby team, represent the blood-stained river.

Locations and buildings of note

To the west of the village, on the old Neath road, lies Tyn-y-graig Mansion. Tyn - Y Graig was built be the owner of Vale of Neath Brewery, Evans Bevan, for his daughter. This can be glimpsed from the A4109 road when travelling north, just as you pass Blaenant colliery. Walking behind the mansion up to Bull Rock (Craig Poeth is the original Welsh name, lit. = "hot rock"), provides not only a striking bird's eye view of this house but also, in April and May, of the woods richly carpeted in bluebells.

Saint Illtud's Way also passes through the village, and there is a rumour that Gelli Galed, an old (now ruined) farmhouse dating back to the 17th century, which is perched on a ridge of Marchywel above the village, used to be a chapel for resting monks on their way to St David's. Certainly a great deal of historical importance is attached to the building: for example, it is purported that there was a secret chamber used for hiding fugitives during the English Civil War. It was also used as a chapel during the 18th century, serving the inhabitants of the area on both sides of Marchywel mountain.

Sport and leisure

Crynant is home to Crynant RFC a rugby union club with over a hundred years of history.

The Gradon, on the main road slightly north of Creunant Business park, is the last remaining pub in the village; the Kingfisher, on the northern extreme of the village where the road runs across the common and down into the Swansea valley, is closed. The oldest pub, the Red Lion, has closed, having been in business since 1850. The Gradon used to be known as the British Legion. Its unusual name was derived from the names Grant and Donna, the children of a previous owner.

The Welfare, a miners' working man's club, declined after the closure of the coal mines in the 1980s, and eventually closed. There is now only one club in the village still open, the Rugby Club.

The village once hosted a carnival every year but, with the demise of coal mining, that now has stopped. During World War II it was famous for the pantomimes which it produced every year and which toured the surrounding villages.

Notable people

Notables who were born or lived in Crynant include:

• Geraint F. Lewis, Professor of Astrophysics at the University of Sydney, Australia.
• Mike Smith, saxophonist with the 1960s band Amen Corner
• Daral Pugh, professional footballer, who played for Doncaster Rovers, Huddersfield Town, Rotherham United, Cambridge United, Torquay United and Bridlington Town. Pugh was the assistant academy manager at Leeds United.
• Alfred Russel Wallace, one of the leading names in the development of the theory of evolution and the name behind Wallace's Line, lived in Neath and is known to have spent time in Crynant.

Further reading

• An overview of the history of Crynant can be found the book The village of Crynant: The place and its people, by Stanley Cadogan Lodwig (published posthumously by Eileen and Deborah Lodwig in 2008)
• Pictures of Crynant through the ages can be found in the Now and Then: Upper Dulais and Swansea Valleys series of books by W. T. Davies.
• Stars on a Saturday Afternoon by David Alexander", 1990, being a history of Crynant RFC.
• On a Summer Morning by W. V. Thomas and A. J. Thomas, prepared by I. W. and P. V. Thomas, 2007, this being an account of four Crynant soldiers who were killed in the battle for Mametz Wood in 1916.
• Facing The Threat by W. V. Thomas, prepared by I. W. Thomas and P. V. Thomas, 2008 and 2009, a tribute to the people of the village during the Second World War, 1939-1945.

Outside links

• www.geograph.co.uk : photos of Crynant and surrounding area
• Cwmdulais Historical Society
• Godre-Rhos Chapel, monumental inscriptions