Swansea Bay
Swansea Bay is a bay on the Bristol Channel in the western Glamorgan. Places on the bay include Swansea and Port Talbot. The River Neath, River Tawe, River Afan, River Kenfig and Clyne River flow into the bay.
Swansea Bay (and all of the upper reaches of the Bristol Channel) experiences one of the largest tidal ranges in the world with a maximum range of about 30 ft.[1] The shipping ports in Swansea Bay are Swansea Docks, Port Talbot Docks and Briton Ferry wharfs.
History
Oyster fishing was once an important industry in Swansea Bay, employing 600 people at its height in the 1860s. However, overfishing, disease and pollution had all but wiped out the oyster population by 1920. In 2005 plans were announced to reintroduce the Oyster farming industry.[2]
Beaches
The bay is lined with sandy beaches. Each stretch of beach within the bay has its own individual name:
Pollution
For the last two decades of the 20th century, the bay was blighted by pollution, partly from the surrounding heavy industry and partly from sewerage outlets being sited at inappropriate locations including the main one that was located just seaward of Mumbles Lighthouse. A pumping station inside the cliff adjacent to Knab Rock brought all of Swansea's effluent in a raw form to this point. Adding to the problem was the natural current flow of the waters in the Bay which often did not move the polluted waters further out to sea. Ironically, the outgoing tide did not carry the raw sewage down the adjacent Bristol Channel, but instead cause it to be sucked in around the circumference of the Bay and only then out down the Channel. If not fully discharged on that tide, the incoming tide would then push the same effluent up the Channel, and once again circulate around the Bay. Efforts were made by the local authority to reduce the pollution in the Bay but care had to be taken to ensure the pollution did not move to the popular beach resorts in south Gower instead.
This original sewer outlet was finally made inactive in around 1996 following the construction of a brand new pipeline which ran all the way back around the Bay following the line of the old Mumbles Railway as far as Beach Street, along the sea-side of the Maritime Quarter and through Swansea Docks to a new £90 million sewage treatment plant at Crymlyn Burrows near Port Tennant from which a new outlet was made, extending further out to sea. As a consequence of the huge improvement these works have made, it is hoped that Swansea Bay will achieve Blue Flag Beach status sometime in the latter half of the millennium decade. Aberavon beach was awarded Blue Flag status in December 2007.[3]
Power generation
Fossil
There is one existing GE-built gas-fired power station located just inland at Baglan Bay. A second gas-fired power station, the "Abernedd Power Station" has been approved for construction.[4]
Biomass plans
A new biomass power station has been approved for construction near the coast at Port Talbot.[5]
Tidal Plans
Swansea Bay (along with the rest of the UK) has one of the highest tidal ranges in the world. This offers a potential for electricity generation using tidal lagoons. A proposal has been put forward by Tidal Lagoon Swansea Bay Ltd. for a tidal lagoon to be constructed.[6] The tidal lagoon would be sited just south of the Queen's Dock between River Tawe and River Neath estuaries. A formal consultation is set to be held in Spring 2013.
Wind plans
In addition to tidal power, construction of an offshore windfarm in the Bay has been approved,[7] but construction has now been deferred owing to the costs involved. The windfarm was to have been sited at Scarweather Sands, about three miles off the coast and visible from Porthcawl.
References
- ↑ Swansea Bay and Gower Tides
- ↑ "Bay plans oyster trade revival". BBC. 2005-02-22. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/south_west/4287443.stm. Retrieved 2010-05-24.
- ↑ http://www.newswales.co.uk/?section=Environment&F=1&id=12706 newswales.co.uk
- ↑ Multi-million pound Baglan power station still on hold
- ↑ Biomass plant's £11m injection brings new jobs
- ↑ Tidal Lagoon Swansea Bay
- ↑ source: http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/contentlookup.cfm?ucidparam=20041005181339
Outside links
- Swansea Bay Official site from South West Wales Tourist Board
- Swansea Bay: Explore Gower
- Visit Swansea Bay
- An interactive, social networking and tourism web site based on the Gower Peninsula.
- Forces of Nature: Swansea Bay: Beach Information
- Swansea Bay
- Tidal Lagoon Presentation
- www.geograph.co.uk : photos of Swanse Bay and surrounding area
Coordinates: 51°35′N 3°54′W / 51.583°N 3.9°W