Milford, Derbyshire
| Milford | |
| Derbyshire | |
|---|---|
 Holy Trinity Church, Milford | |
| Location | |
| Grid reference: | SK349451 |
| Location: | 53°0’8"N, 1°28’53"W |
| Data | |
| Local Government | |
| Council: | Amber Valley |
Milford is a village in Derbyshire, on the River Derwent, between Duffield and Belper on the A6 trunk road. The village is a child of the Industrial Revolution, growing around a cotton spinning enterprise, established here in the eighteenth century, joining much earlier industrial development in neighbouring Makeney, the latter now the lesser village, immediately south of Milford.
Milford was known as 'New Mills' at the time of its industrial development, though the older name has since prevailed.
History
Milford is recorded briefly in the Domesday Book of 1086, when it was owned by Henry de Ferrers.
Until the end of the 18th century Milford was no more than a few houses near the point, about a quarter of a mile further south, where a Roman road from the Wirksworth lead mines forded the river. The road still exists as it passes across the Chevin Hill and descends into the village by what is now Sunny Hill. It is thought to have then proceeded along the east bank of the river to the Roman garrison of Derventio, in what is now Derby where it connected with Rykneld Street.[1]
Next to this spot though was Makeney where, in 1554, Burchard Kranich built the first Smeltmill[2] for extracting lead from its ore. Then, in 1581 Sir John Zouch of Codnor Castle set up a wire drawing works[2] This followed the opening of a works in Hathersage in 1566 where Christopher Schutz, a German immigrant, had invented a process for drawing wire. Hathersage became a centre for wire drawing and, later, needle making[2]
Of Makeney, it was written in 1817:
Makeney, a hamlet of [the parish of Duffield], (Machenie), is described in the Domesday Survey as one of the manors of Henry de Ferrars. It is now considered as parcel of the manor of Duffield.
About 700 hands are employed by Messrs. Strutt in the spinning and bleaching of cotton, at Millford, a populous manufacturing village in this parish.
There is a Unitarian chapel at Millford, supported by Mr. Strutt; who supports also a Lancasterian school, in which the numbers are about 300: a room to accommodate about 400 is now building at Millford. The girls in this school, and that at Belper, are taught to sew, cut out, &c. as well as to read and write. A chapel has lately been erected here for the Wesleyan Methodists.[3]
The Royal Mint had acquired the rights to Schutz' process in 1568 and set out to restrict its use to the Company of Mineral and Battery Works. However, the works continued supplying the Belper nail makers among others and by the time Jedediah Strutt bought it, it consisted of two forges and a slitting and rolling mill, occupying both sides the river. Some of the mill buildings are now the Riverside Garden Centre.
In 1778 Jedediah Strutt built cotton spinning mills after the pattern developed by Richard Arkwright having been in partnership with him when he built the mill at Cromford. Part of the Milford mill still exists as well as much of the workers' housing. (One of Strutt's apprentices at Milford, Samuel Slater, absconded to America carrying Arkwright's system in his head. He settled in Pawtucket, Rhode Island and replicated Arkwright's success.
There were a number of fords, which probably changed their position as the river changed its course. An old lane leading down to one of them was called "Save Penny Lane," because people who used it, and crossed the ford, saved the penny toll which Messrs. Strutt charged for crossing the bridge they had built. Afterwards, the Strutts had the ford destroyed and the river deepened.
At some time, Milford was called New Mills. A map of 1787 names the road from Duffield as New Mills Road,[4] and Samuel Slater's indentures as an apprentice record him as living in "New Mills, in the Parish of Duffield".
About the village
The Holly Bush Inn is a 17th or early 18th century Grade II listed public house at 2 Holly Bush Lane, Makeney (part of Milford).[5] It is on the Campaign for Real Ale's National Inventory of Historic Pub Interiors.[6]
Outside links
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("Wikimedia Commons" has material about Milford, Derbyshire) |
References
- ↑ Bland, J., (1922) Old Duffield, Village, Church and Castle: With some personal reminiscences, Derby: Harpur and Son
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Cooper, B., (1983) Transformation of a Valley: The Derbyshire Derwent, Heinemann, republished 1991 Cromford: Scarthin Books
- ↑ Lysons, Daniel and Samuel: 'Magna Britannia; Volume 5, pages 129-142: 'Parishes: Doveridge - Duffield' (1817)
- ↑ Map of Duffield in 1787 http://www.jjb.uk.com/duffield/14amap.htm
- ↑ National Heritage List 1335302: Holly Bush Inn, Makeney
- ↑ Brandwood, Geoff (2013). Britain's best real heritage pubs. St. Albans: CAMRA. p. 32. ISBN 9781852493042.