Wilcote
| Wilcote | |
| Oxfordshire | |
|---|---|
 St Peter's Church, Wilcote | |
| Location | |
| Grid reference: | SP3715 |
| Location: | 51°50’6"N, 1°27’47"W |
| Data | |
| Post town: | Chipping Norton |
| Postcode: | OX7 |
| Dialling code: | 01993 |
| Local Government | |
| Council: | South Oxfordshire |
| Parliamentary constituency: |
Witney |
Wilcote is a hamlet about 3½ miles north of Witney in Oxfordshire.
This was a hamlet of Cogges from at least the Middle Ages until the middle of the 19th century,[1] when it was made a separate civil parish; one of the smallest in Britain.[1] In 1932 the civil parish was abolished.
Archaeology
Akeman Street Roman road passes through the northern part of the former parish.[1] A Roman villa at Shakenoak Farm was excavated in the 1960s. The villa was built late in the 1st century AD, enlarged more than once but remained smaller and less opulent than the nearby North Leigh Roman Villa.[1] Shakenoak villa was occupied until the middle of the 3rd century, when it seems to have been succeeded by a small farmhouse nearby that was occupied until about AD 420, shortly after the Roman withdrawal from Britain.[1] The site was then abandoned and left unoccupied for about two centuries.[1]
The Roman site was reoccupied from the 7th century until the middle of the 8th century, when the bodies of several men were buried there and the site was abandoned again.[1] A Saxon charter of AD 1044 referring to "Yccenes feld, where the cnihtas lie" implies that these burials were remembered locally three centuries later.[1] Yccenes is an Old English form of "Itchen", implying contact between Romano-Britons and Anglo-Saxons, and cnihtas means "servants" or "soldiers".[1]
Manor
The Domesday Book of 1086 records that after the Norman conquest of England the manor of Wilcote had become one of the many Oxfordshire estates held by William of Normandy's half-brother Odo, Bishop of Bayeux.[2] After Odo was deposed, Wilcote was granted to Manasser Arsic, Baron of Cogges.[2]
The present manor house was built in the late 16th or early 17th century and has some 18th-century alterations and 19th- and 20th-century additions.[2][3] It is presumed to be on the site of the mediæval manor house, which by the 15th century was called Butler's Court.[2][3]
Parish church
The parish church of Saint Peter was built in the latter part of the 12th century, and the blocked Norman south doorway is the most notable feature from this period.[4] Its jamb shafts have cushion capitals.[5] The earliest record of a parish priest is of one Geoffrey, who was installed between 1209 and 1219.[4]
The chancel east wall and chancel arch were rebuilt in the 13th century.[4] The arch is Early English[6] and is carried on head corbels.[5] Early in the 14th century a south chapel was built onto the nave, the north doorway was rebuilt and new windows were inserted in the north and west walls.[4] Also in the 14th century, a small three-light east window was inserted in the chancel and the present Decorated Gothic[5] piscina, credence table and aumbry were installed.[4] In 1545 the church had a rood screen.[4] There is a squint between the nave and the chancel.[5]
By 1844 the south chapel had been removed. In that year the Oxford Architectural Society surveyed the church and recommended rebuilding it in the Decorated Gothic style. Henry Woodyer supervised a restoration in 1853 but already by 1868 it was reported that only the walls were "fit to be left up" and a new restoration was begun under the supervision of Arthur Blomfield. Both the nave and chancel were re-roofed, the porch was rebuilt, a bellcote was added to the west gable of the nave and a bell was hung. The east window of the chancel was replaced by a larger one in a 13th-century style. This was glazed and the nave west windows were re-glazed with stained glass by Heaton, Butler and Bayne of London. The church doors were replaced and new pews installed.[4]
St Peter's is a Grade II* listed building.[7] The parish is now part of the same Benefice as Finstock, Leafield and Ramsden.[8]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Crossley 1983, pp. 296–297.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Crossley 1983, pp. 299–300.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Wilcote Manor". National Heritage List for England. English Heritage. http://list.english-heritage.org.uk/resultsingle.aspx?uid=1283523. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Crossley 1983, pp. 303–304.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 843.
- ↑ Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 842.
- ↑ "Church of St Peter". National Heritage List for England. English Heritage. http://list.english-heritage.org.uk/resultsingle.aspx?uid=1367959. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
- ↑ Archbishops' Council. "Wilcote: St Peter, Wilcote Grange". Church of England. http://www.achurchnearyou.com/wilcote-st-peter/. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
- Brodribb, A.C.C.; Hands, A.R.; Walker, D.R. (1968). Excavations at Shakenoak Farm, near Wilcote, Oxfordshire. I: sites A & D. published privately.
- Brodribb, A.C.C.; Hands, A.R.; Walker, D.R. (1971) [1968]. Excavations at Shakenoak Farm, near Wilcote, Oxfordshire. II: sites B & H. published privately.
- Brodribb, A.C.C.; Hands, A.R.; Walker, D.R. (1972). Excavations at Shakenoak Farm, near Wilcote, Oxfordshire. III: site F. published privately.
- Brodribb, A.C.C.; Hands, A.R.; Walker, D.R. (1971). Excavations at Shakenoak Farm, near Wilcote, Oxfordshire. IV. published privately.
- Crossley, Alan; Elrington, C.R. (eds.); Baggs, A.P.; Blair, W.J.; Chance, Eleanor; Colvin, Christina; Cooper, Janet; Day, C.J. et al. (1990). A History of the County of Oxford, Volume 12: Wootton Hundred (South) including Woodstock. Victoria County History. pp. 296–304. ISBN 978-0-19-722774-9.
- Margaret Gelling (1967). "English place-names derived from the compound Wicham". Mediæval Archaeology (The Society for Mediæval Archaeology) XI: 103.
- Hands, A.R. (2005). The Roman Villa at Shakenoak Farm, Oxfordshire, Excavations 1960–1976. British Archaeological Reports. ISBN 1-84171-857-2.
- Pevsner, Nikolaus: The Buildings of England, Oxfordshire, 1974