Tollesbury
| Tollesbury | |
| Essex | |
|---|---|
| |
| Location | |
| Grid reference: | TL958101 |
| Location: | 51°45’36"N, 0°50’24"E |
| Data | |
| Population: | 2,621 (2011[1]) |
| Post town: | Maldon |
| Postcode: | CM9 |
| Dialling code: | 01621 |
| Local Government | |
| Council: | Maldon |
| Parliamentary constituency: |
Witham |
Tollesbury is a village on the Essex coast at the mouth of the River Blackwater. It is situated nine miles east of the historic port of Maldon and twelve miles south of Colchester.
For centuries Tollesbury, the village of the plough and sail, relied on the harvests of the land and the sea. The main trade and export of Tollesbury, which still thrives to this day, has long been oysters.
The village sign
On the 'Plough' side of the carved village sign, situated on West Street, the ploughman and his team of horses are depicted working the land, agriculture goes on down to the waters edge. Pictured on the right of the sign are fishing smacks on the River Blackwater. The village church can be seen on the top left side of the sign. A mallard and a hare are pictured on the supports.
The 'Sail' side of the sign shows the weather boarded sail lofts. The centre of the sign shows the yacht 'Endeavour II' which was the 1937 British challenger for the America's Cup while on the left is depicted the fishing smack 'Sallie'. Oysters and fish, harvests from the Blackwater, are shown on the supports.
Features of the village
At one time Tollesbury was served by six public houses, but the village has only one open at present: The Kings Head.[2] Other social establishments include: The Royal British Legion, The Tollesbury Cruising club and The Tollesbury Sailing club.
At the centre of the village is 'The Square', which was also known as 'The Green' but correctly called Church Street. On the west side of the Square is the Kings Head Public House, which was traditionally the seafarers public house. It was here that the Tollesbury Yacht Skippers Club was formed when the village was gaining a reputation as a yachting centre during the early part of the 20th century. Alterations were made to the pub in 1902 during which parts of a copy of the Great Bible of 1540 were found in the attic. On the east side of the Square is Saint Mary's church.
Cottages line either side of the Square, some of which have been built using bricks which were manufactured locally.
At Woodrolfe Creek the Woodup Pool is a public salt water lido, which opened in 1907.
History
From 1904 to 1951 Tollesbury was served by the Kelvedon and Tollesbury Light Railway, with a small station on the north side of the village. The railway continued to Tollesbury Pier a mile south-east of the village, where promoters hoped to develop land for bungalows, houses, and a yacht station. However these plans come to little, and the Tollesbury Pier extension closed in 1921. During World War II the pier was destroyed as an anti-invasion precaution, and the area used for defensive guns and to control electrically operated mines blocking the River Blackwater estuary.[3]
Tucked away in the south east corner of the Square, by the church wall, stands the village Lock-up or Cage. This wooden building would have been where drunks were held until they sobered up. With the village having six public houses at one stage, the Lock-up probably saw quite a bit of business itself.
Parish Church
The parish church of Tollesbury, dedicated to Saint Mary the Virgin, stands at the highest point in the village. It is generally assumed that the church was built just after the Norman Conquest, around 1090, rather than in Saxon times. It is possible that the materials used in the present building are taken from an earlier Saxon church.
In mediæval times the parish church was the property of Saint Mary's nunnery at Barking, the nunnery was responsible for the appointment of the clergyman to the parish. When the nunnery was dissolved by Henry VIII in 1539, the manor was given to Thomas, Lord Cromwell a few days before he was made Earl of Essex. The gift of the living has passed through many hands, and now rests with Exeter College, Oxford and the Bishop of Chelmsford. The tower of the church is a most imposing structure and it may well be that here was a place of refuge for parishioners in time of attack from marauders across the North Sea.
The lowest stage of the tower dates from the 11th century and consists of rubble, flint and conglomerate walling with freestone quoins. The doorway is typical of the Tudor period. Above this stage are two more windows with 15th-century brickwork. The largest window in the tower is in the perpendicular style and the highest windows of brick were shaped in Tudor times. The tower is capped by parapet walls and pinnacles dating from the 17th century. Buttresses are made from flint and brick.[4]
Congregational Church
The other large church in Tollesbury opposite the square is the Congregational Church. Tradition accords the foundation of Tollesbury Congregational Church to 1803. However, the church records show that the Independent cause in Tollesbury was already under discussion in the years preceding. A meeting was held in Witham in December 1802, to consider the subject, including the purchase or hire of a building for public worship in Tollesbury. About this time, Mr Rudkin of Abbots Hall purchased a cottage in Tollesbury and fitted it up for worship, which was served regularly by William Merchant of Layer Breton and Mr Forster. However, this cottage was found 'highly inconvenient, and indeed from its extreme heat through the multitude which attended, dangerous', so a new meeting house was erected in 1803 and the Revd Mr. Harding of Duxford nominated as minister.
A Declaration of Faith was laid down in 1824, administered by the minister, Revd John Trew, and Revd William Merchant. Several ministers succeeded Trew until March 1850, when Revd John Spurgeon, father of Charles Haddon Spurgeon, was appointed. His ministry extended to 1863 when he was followed by Revd William Marker Anstey of Fakenham. Two years after his appointment, a new chapel and minister's house were built, and in subsequent years the school room was twice enlarged. William Basil Anstey of Leyton Congregational Church succeeded his father as minister in 1893 and served the church until 1920. A number of ministers followed, until the ministry of Revd David Bentley, who witnessed the 150th anniversary of the church in 1953. The church affiliated to the United Reformed Church in October 1972, but seceded in May 1983, when it rejoined the Congregational Federation. Usually in Congregationalism there is a minister who heads up a team of people, often called deacons, who administer and lead the church. Currently there is no minister in situ here, but there is a team of deacons in place who oversee the church.
Tollesbury Granary
In 2006, the Granary building by Woodrolfe Creek was a regional runner-up in the BBC Restoration Village competition. It has been on Essex Council's Buildings at Risk Register since 1992.[5]
Tollesbury Wick Marshes
Tollesbury Wick Marshes is a nature reserve just east of Tolleshunt run by the Essex Wildlife Trust. The reserve occupies 590 acres of grazing marsh, reed beds, saltmarsh and mudflats, and is a Site of Special Scientific Interest.[6][7] The marshes were once part of a thriving salt-production industry during the Iron Age and Roman periods, and Red hills created by this process are found across the area.[8][9]
References
- ↑ "Parish population 2011". http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11129769&c=Tollesbury&d=16&e=62&g=6425492&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1443001798686&enc=1. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
- ↑ "List of Public Houses in Tollesbury". http://www.pubsgalore.co.uk/towns/tollesbury/essex/.
- ↑ Keith Lovell (1999). "The Crab and Winkle Line". Tollesbury.org. http://www.tollesbury.org/history/crab_winkle.html. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
- ↑ Revd. Keith Lovell (1999). "St. Mary's Church". Tollesbury.org. http://www.tollesbury.org/history/st_marys.html. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
- ↑ "BBC Restoration programme page on Tollesbury Granary (archive copy of page)". Archived from the original on 26 April 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090426095838/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/programmes/restoration/2006/se_woodrolfe_granary_01.shtml. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ↑ "Tollesbury – Tollesbury Wick Marshes (SSSI)". Maldon District Council. http://www.maldon.gov.uk/info/200073/parks_and_open_spaces/155/tollesbury. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
- ↑ "Tollesbury Wick Marshes – Visitor guide to the Nature Reserve". Essex Wildlife Trust. http://www.tollesburyazaz.fsnet.co.uk/ReserveNews/Autumn2000/Autumn2000MainGuide/TollesburyWickMarshesMainGuide.htm. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
- ↑ de Brisay, K.W. (1978) 'A Red Hill at Tollesbury, Essex: Its background and excavation. Report on the First Year’ Published in Colchester Archaeological Group Bulletin 21
- ↑ Fawn, A.J., Evens, K.A., McMaster, I., Davies, G.M.R. (1990) 'The Red Hills of Essex; Salt making in Antiquity' Published by Colchester Archaeological Group. (ISBN 0 9503905 1 8)
Outside links
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