Seascale
| Seascale | |
| Cumberland | |
|---|---|
 Seascale | |
| Location | |
| Grid reference: | NX0301 |
| Location: | 54°23’42"N, 3°28’60"W |
| Data | |
| Population: | 1,754 (2011[1]) |
| Post town: | Seascale |
| Postcode: | CA20 |
| Dialling code: | 019467 |
| Local Government | |
| Council: | Cumberland |
| Parliamentary constituency: |
Copeland |
Seascale is a village and parish on the Irish Sea coast of Cumberland.
History
The place-name indicates that it was inhabited by Norse settlers, probably before AD 1000. It is derived from skali, meaning in Norse a wooden hut or shelter. This could well date from the time of King Harold Fairhair, who vowed revenge on the many Norsemen who had settled in Ireland and Man, causing them to flee across the sea to the Cumberland coast some time after AD 885. Many other Norse place names are to be found, including Seascale How, Skala Haugr, (the hill near the shelter), and Whitriggs, hvitihrgger (the white ridge). As the Norse penetrated inland other skalar were named, so Seascale was distinguished by reference to the sea.[2]
The earliest written reference to Seascale is in the period 1154-1181, when an Aldwin de Seascale was witness to a deed made at Wetheral priory. Another early reference is in 1200 in a charter of Roger de Beauchamp to the priory of St Bees. It states that land he gave to that monastery was near Leseschalis or Seascale, on the western coast.[3] About this time Alan de Coupland and William de Wabyrththwaite granted land to Walter de Sewnyhous in the nearby manor of Bolton, which remained in that family's possession for over 500 years. The present community of Hallsenna is derived from this name, being called Hall Sevenhouse, and later, Hall Senhouse. Seascale forms part of the ancient parish of Gosforth, which was divided into the manors of Gosforth, Boonwood, Bolton High, Bolton Low and Seascale, who jointly elected a churchwarden for Gosforth church.
The community of Seascale continued as a series of farms until the coming of the Furness Railway in 1850. This ran from Whitehaven to Barrow in Furness. Some small development took place in the wake of this, but it was recorded that in 1869 “there was not a shop in the place”.[4] Further development had to wait until 1879 when James Ramsden of the Furness Railway promoted an ambitious plan to develop Seascale as a holiday resort. Edward Kemp of Birkenhead produced the designs, which included a large hotel, marine walks and villas, which would have stretched along a mile and a half of the coastline, however only a small number of buildings were constructed. The Scawfell Hotel, dating from that time and adjacent to the railway station, was demolished in 1997.[5] The hotel's Victorian advertising made much of the fine beach and boasted its own bathing machines. Seascale was also promoted as an ideal centre for touring the western valleys of the Lake District.
In 1881 the “Iron Church” of St Cuthbert was built, but was blown down in 1884. Although rebuilt, it was too small for the growing community, and in 1890 a stone church was built to the design of C F Ferguson. In 1886 the Methodist Church, also dedicated to St Cuthbert, was built nearby.
Little further development occurred until the establishment of the Royal Ordnance Factories at Sellafield and Drigg in 1939, both just a few miles away, when accommodation was built for munitions workers. In 1947 after World War II, the huge nuclear building programme at the former Sellafield ordnance factory commenced and Seascale became a dormitory community for the resultant Windscale and Calder Hall nuclear sites (later combined as Sellafield). As a result, in the 1950s it was known as "the brainiest town in Britain".[6]
Transport links
The village is close to the A595 road and is served by Seascale railway station on what is now called the Cumbrian Coast Line.
Literary associations
The noted Victorian author George Gissing based part of one of his novels ‘‘The Odd Women’’ on Seascale and the Lake District. Gissing first visited in 1868/69 as a youngster, and although he only visited Seascale and the Lakes about four times, it left a tremendous impression on him, and he used material from his visits over the course of 30 years of writing.[4]
References
- ↑ "Parish population 2011". http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11128279&c=CA20+1NH&d=16&e=62&g=6412045&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=0&s=1434452730250&enc=1. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
- ↑ The Gosforth District, C A Parker. Pub Titus Wilson Kendal, 1904
- ↑ Houses of Benedictine nuns: The nunnery of Armathwaite, A History of the County of Cumberland: Volume 2 (1905), pp. 189-192. Ed J Wilson.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Gissing and the Lake District, Frank J Woodman, 1980. The Gissing Society Newsletter Vol XVI
- ↑ The buildings of England - Cumbria. Matthew Hyde and Nikolaus Pevsner, 2010. Yale University Press.
- ↑ http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2005/oct/08/weekend.johnharris
Outside links
 |
("Wikimedia Commons" has material about Seascale) |
- Seascale at visitcumbria.com
- Reminiscences of an atom kid from The Guardian newspaper
- Gissing Society newsletter 1980