Mellor, Derbyshire

Mellor
Derbyshire
View of Mellor from Mellor Churchyard
Location
Grid reference:	SJ990880
Location:	53°23’43"N, 2°3’8"W
Data
Population:	2,394
Post town:	Stockport
Postcode:	SK6
Dialling code:	0161
Local Government
Council:	Stockport
Parliamentary constituency:	Hazel Grove

Mellor is a village in north-western Derbyshire, between Marple Bridge and New Mills, close to the border with Cheshire.

Buildings in the village include St Thomas' Church, a primary school, golf course, sports club, a riding school, three pubs, The Royal Oak, The Devonshire Arms and The Oddfellows Arms, and the late 17th-century Mellor Hall.

History

Main article: Mellor hill fort

The ancient past of Mellor is slowly being discovered as a result of a long-term archaeological survey of the area by means of excavations and geophysical surveys, including ground-penetrating radar. Although some history had survived by means of written records and local tradition, it has become clear that such knowledge only scratched the surface and that the extent of Mellor's past had passed from such memories.

The origin of the name Mellor is uncertain. In one Celtic dialect, the term would translate to "the bare (or rounded) hill". The name Mellor does not appear in the Norman-era Domesday Book, although the neighbouring town of Ludworth (recorded as Lodeuorde) is listed. It is possible that Ludworth originally included Mellor and that they split into two distinct areas at a later date.

The Saxons built a church at the southernmost end of the Iron Age settlement some time in the 7th or 8th centuries. The church was subsequently destroyed and rebuilt, possibly several times. St Thomas Church has the oldest known wooden pulpit in Britain, possibly the world. Dating from the reign of Edward II (1307–1327), it is octagonal and carved from a single piece of wood. The church also has a 12th-century font.

According to local legend, Mellor Hall is built on the foundations of the house of a Norman nobleman. During excavations of the Iron Age hill fort, a 13th-century hall was discovered. By the time of the English Civil War, Marple had become totally dominant in the region. So much so that John Bradshawe, Lord President of the High Court of Justice and Lord of Marple Hall was the first to sign the death warrant of King Charles I.

A model of Mellor Mill and the 'Roman Lakes'

Samuel Oldknow was a significant businessman and mill owner in Mellor during the Industrial Revolution. Just across the River Goyt, there are the "Roman Lakes". These are not Roman, but were water reservoirs for Samuel Oldknow's Mellor Mill cotton mill, a major employer in the area in the Industrial Revolution.

One of the local stories involves the fate of Samuel Oldknow's mill at the Roman Lakes, which was destroyed by fire in November 1892. Accidents at such mills were common, but so were violent rivalries. There have been claims made for both cases. The only thing that can be stated with any certainty is that the mill was gutted by the blaze.

The other major figure in Mellor at this time was William Radcliffe, a mill owner who invented many devices for improving the textile industry.

At the height of the Industrial Revolution, coal-power supplanted water-power as the driving force and mineable coal seams were found in Mellor. Relatively recently, the British Coal Board strip-mined those seams that still had sufficient coal in them.

Mellor began to grow during the Victorian era. Before it was very small and consisted of a few houses and Moorend. Nowadays, Moorend is considered a part of Mellor.

Geography

Mellor lies in the foothills of the Pennines, just outside the area of Derbyshire known as the High Peak. Nearby villages include Rowarth, Marple Bridge, Ludworth and Mill Brow. The town of Marple lies across the River Goyt. A little further away are the towns of Romiley and New Mills and the villages of Hayfield and Strines. Mellor Church and Mellor Hall are situated on the top of a ridge that is separated from the bulk of the village of Mellor by a gully and stream.

The oldest part of inhabited Mellor runs alongside the river Goyt, stretching from the oldest parts of Marple Bridge up the hill, spreading out where the slope becomes gentle. Newer parts of the village run down Longhurst Lane, the old turnpike road, and into former farmland released for building by Townscliffe Farm. At the very top of Mellor is the junction of Five Ways. One of these roads runs to Mellor, a second to Rowarth, a third to Strines and New Mills, the fourth to a water treatment plant and a fifth to many farms on the edge of Mellor. Spoil heaps indicate mining operations here and coal was mined in the general area during the Industrial Revolution.

Because of the topology, Mellor lies on one of the easier points for entering the Pennines from the Mersey Basin by road or foot. It is also on the flight path for air traffic into Manchester Airport, formerly known as Ringway.

Geology

Mellor is located on a gritstone area in an area of the Peak District referred to as the Dark Peak. (In contrast, the limestone region of the Peak District is referred to as the White Peak.) The underlying geology of the area belongs to the Carboniferous Millstone Grit series which are outcrop as the Middle Grit. Below this are shales and mudstones and older Gritstones such as the Kinder Scout Grit which forms the Kinder Plateau to the East. Small seams of coal have been located in Mellor, over the gritstone. Boulder clay, left from the Ice Age, can usually be found just below the surface-level soil. At one point, all of the Peak District – Mellor included – was submerged beneath relatively warm waters. Evidence for this is the limestone region, with the limestone containing fossils of coral and other shallow-depth warm-water creatures.

The gritstone comes from deposits laid down about 300 million years ago over the limestone. Shallow coal deposits lie on top of the gritstone, although most of these have long since been mined. Very deep coal deposits do exist further into the Pennines, but again many of these have been worked out. Although evidence exists for volcanos elsewhere in the Peak District,

The soil in Mellor is fairly rich in peat and can bog easily, but there are no permanent peat bogs within Mellor itself. The only other noteworthy detail on Mellor's geology is the almost complete absence of iodine, particularly in the water of the River Goyt. If no other source of iodine is in the diet, the consequent iodine deficiency can lead to an enlarged thyroid gland, a condition is known as "Derbyshire Neck", or goitre.

Sports

Football

Mellor Football Club was founded in 1923 by members of the Hambleton Family. Mellor FC's home ground is Wood Lane in Marple, and the club currently boasts four open-age teams. Mellor 1st XI play in the Lancashire and Cheshire League and won the Stockport Senior Cup in the 2004–05 season.

Cricket

Mellor Cricket Club had two senior teams that played in the Derbyshire and Cheshire League having previously played in the Glossop and District League for many years and before that, in the High Peak League. They now play in the Cheshire County League 3rd XI Saturday Division 2 under "Marple-Mellor" having resigned from the Derbyshire and Cheshire League in 2008.

Tennis

The tennis club was formed around the end of the Second World War, between 1945 and 1950. It originally had only one grass court. This was later extended to include two shale courts and later to include two all-weather courts. These were then replaced with astroturf. It has three men's and three ladies' teams in the Slazenger North East Cheshire League.

Badminton

Mellor's badminton club has eight teams – two teams in the Tameside Badminton League, three in the Stockport Badminton League and three Junior teams in the Stockport Badminton League.

Golf

The golf course runs through a sparsely populated section of the oldest inhabited part of Mellor. The course offers a very clear view over Greater Manchester and on a clear day the Welsh Mountains can be seen. The 15th hole is regarded by some as the signature hole, a double dog leg par 5.

References

Notes

Bibliography

• Pevsner, Nikolaus; Hubbard, Edward (2003) [1971], The Buildings of England: Cheshire, New Haven: Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-09588-0 
• Richards, Raymond (1947), Old Cheshire Churches, London: Batsford 

Outside links

("Wikimedia Commons" has material about Mellor, Derbyshire)

General Information

• The Mellor Society
• Mellor View – Local Blog

Geography

• Walking maps of Mellor and surrounds

Historical information for Mellor

• Discovery of Medieval Aisled Hall
• Domesday Book entry for Ludworth/Mellor, from The National Archives
• Directory of Mellor and surrounds in 1835, showing nearby towns
• Mellor Archaeological Trust study of Oldknow's mill