Leighton House

Not to be confused with Leighton House, Wiltshire

Leighton House
Middlesex
Leighton House from Holland Park
Location
Grid reference:	TQ24837927
Location:	51°29’55"N, 0°12’11"W
Town:	Kensington
History
Address:	Holland Park Road
	Built 1866–1895
For:	Frederic Leighton by George Aitchison
	Town house
Information
Owned by:	Kensington and Chelsea Council
Website:	rbkc.gov.uk/museums

Leighton House is a grand Victorian town house house in the Holland Park area of Kensington in Middlesex. This was the home of wealthy Victorian painter, and President of the Royal Academy, Frederic Leighton (1830–1896), notable for the popular Flaming June painting. Leighton commissioned George Aitchison to build him a combined home and studio, to which later was added a qa'a (or "Arab Hall") which incorporated tiles and other elements purchased in the Near East during Leighton's travels. The resulting building, completed between 1866 and 1895 on the privately owned Ilchester Estate, and is now a Grade II* listed building. It is noted for its elaborate Orientalist and aesthetic interiors.

Today the house is open to the public as both an historic house and an art museum.

The house

The house has been open to the public since 1929. In 1958 the Council commemorated Leighton with a blue plaque. The museum was awarded the European Union Prize for Cultural Heritage / Europa Nostra Award in 2012. It is open daily except Tuesdays, and is a companion museum to Linley Sambourne House at 18 Stafford Terrace, another Victorian artist's home in Kensington.

Design and construction

The Drawing Room

Ceiling of the Arab Hall

Aitchison designed the first part of the house (2 Holland Park Road, later renumbered as 12) in 1864, although Leighton was not granted a lease on the land until April 1866. Building commenced shortly afterwards, and the house, which cost £4,500, was ready for occupation by the end of the year. The building is of red Suffolk bricks with Caen Stone dressings in a restrained Classical style.

The architect extended the building over 30 years; the first phase was only three windows wide. The main room was the first-floor studio, facing north, originally 45 by 25 feet, with a large central window to provide plenty of light for painting. There was also a gallery at the east end and a separate staircase for use by models. The house was extended to the east in 1869–70. Additionally, a major extension was made in 1877–79: the two-storey "Arab Hall", built to house Leighton's collection of tiles collected during visits to the Middle East.

According to Aitchison and Walter Crane, the design was based on the palace of La Zisa in Palermo. The 17th-century tiles are complemented by carved wooden lattice-work windows of the same period from Damascus. There are also large 16th-century Turkish tiles. The west wall has a wooden alcove with inset 14th-century tiles.

The room also contains Victorian elements. The capitals of the smaller columns are by Sir Joseph Boehm, from Aitchison's designs. The capitals of the large columns, gilded and carved in the shape of birds, are by Randolph Caldecot. The mosaic frieze was designed by Walter Crane. The marble work was by George P. White. Elaborate decorative paintwork adorns the domed ceiling and in the centre of the floor is a small fountain. The tiles in the passage to the Arab Hall are by William De Morgan.

In 1889, an additional winter studio was added to the building. The final addition by Aitchison was the top-lit picture gallery in 1895. After Leighton died in 1896, the contents of the house were sold, including at least one thousand of his own drawings, almost all of which were bought by the Fine Art Society. In 1927 Mrs Henry Perrin offered to pay for additional gallery space. The building was extended to the designs of Halsey Ricardo and the Perrin Galleries opened in 1929. This extension was in memory of Mrs Perrin's daughter Muriel Ida Perrin, an artist and sculptor who had trained at the Royal College of Art and worked for the catalogue section of the Aircraft Manufacturing Company (Airco) during the First World War.

Permanent collection

The End of the Quest (1921) by Frank Bernard Dicksee

The museum has on permanent display works of art by various members of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, including John Everett Millais, Edward Burne-Jones and George Frederic Watts, as well as 81 oil paintings by Leighton himself.

Some of the most notable oil paintings by Leighton in the collection are:

• The Death of Brunelleschi – 1852
• Charles Edward Perugini – 1855
• A Noble Lady of Venice – c. 1865
• Hercules Wrestling with Death for the Body of Alcestes – 1869–1871
• Clytemnestra from the Battlements of Argos Watches for the Beacon Fires Which Are to Announce the Return of Agamemnon – c. 1874
• Professor Giovanni Costa – 1878
• The Countess of Brownlow – c. 1878–79
• The Vestal – c. 1882–83
• Alexandra Sutherland Orr (née Leighton) – 1890
• And the sea gave up the dead which were in it – c. 1891–92

Self portrait of Leighton (1880)

Other works by Leighton in the collection include:

• 5 albums and sketchbooks of drawings and watercolours.
• 27 watercolours.
• 54 prints of Leighton's works.
• 14 items of personal material including documents, personal mementos, embroideries, enamels and caricatures.
• several small-scale sculptures, including Athlete Strangling a Python (1874) and Needless Alarms (1887).
• a portrait of Anna Risi

Works in the collection not by Leighton include:

• Antonio Rossellino's carved and coloured relief Madonna of the Candleabra, which had been in Leighton's collection, sold after his death and re-acquired by the museum in 2006.
• G. F. Watts's portrait of Frederic Leighton.
• Luke Fildes's still life and study for The Widower.
• Sir Alfred Gilbert's original sketch model for the Shaftesbury Memorial ('Eros').

In 2016 Leighton's famous painting Flaming June was loaned to the museum, and was displayed in the studio in which it was created.

Works in the permanent collection

• 
  A Boy Defending a Baby from an Eagle, by Leighton, 1850–52, acquired by the museum prior to 1926
• 
  Oil Sketch for Cimabue's Celebrated Madonna, 1854, by Leighton, acquired by the museum 2011
• 
  Orpheus & Eurydice, by Leighton, 1864, acquired by the museum 1960
• 
  Study for Desdemona, by Leighton, c.1888, presented to the museum 1947
• 
  Clytie, by Leighton his final work, 1895–96, acquired by the museum 2008

In popular culture

The house's pseudo-Islamic court has featured as a set in various film and television programmes, such as Nicholas Nickleby (2002), Brazil (1985 film)|Brazil (1985) and an episode of the drama series Spooks, as well as the music video for the songs "Golden Brown" by The Stranglers and "Gold" by Spandau Ballet.

See also

• Linley Sambourne House

Outside links

("Wikimedia Commons" has material about Leighton House)

• Leighton House and Sambourne House

References

• Dakers, Caroline (1999). The Holland Park circle : artists and Victorian society. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-30008-164-0. https://archive.org/details/hollandparkcircl00dake. 
• Sheppard, F.H.W., ed (1973). "The Holland estate: Since 1874". Northern Kensington (Survey of London, Volume 37). London: Athlone Press on behalf of the Greater London Council. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol37. 

Books

• Barrington, Russell, Mrs (1906). The life, letters and work of Frederic Leighton (2 Volumes). London: George Allen.  Volume 1, Volume 2
• Millner, Arthur (2015). Damascus Tiles: Mamluk and Ottoman Architectural Ceramics from Syria. Munich: Prestel. ISBN 978-3-7913-8147-3. 
• Pub. Kensington and Chelsea Council:
  • Robbins, Daniel: 'Leighton House Museum' (2011) ISBN 978-0-90224-223-4
  • Robbins, Daniel and Dakers, Caroline: 'George Aitchison: Leighton's architect revealed' (2011) ISBN 978-0-90224-279-1
  • Various: 'Closer to Home: The Restoration of Leighton House and Catalogue of the Reopening Displays 2010' (2010)