Dartmouth Steam Railway

Dartmouth Steam Railway
Devon
Paignton
Saltern Cove on the Dartmouth Steam Railway
Gauge:	standard
Grid reference:	SX876540
Location:	50°22’30"N, 3°34’52"W
No. of stations:	5
Track:	6.7 miles
Headquarters:	Paignton
Information
Owned by:	Dart Valley Railway
Operated by:	Dart Valley Railway PLC
Website:	dartmouthrailriver.co.uk

The Dartmouth Steam Railway, formerly known as the Paignton and Dartmouth Steam Railway, is a heritage railway on a 6.7-mile track which was part the former Great Western Railway branch line between Paignton and Kingswear in the south of Devon. Much of the railway's business is from summer tourists from the resorts of Torbay, who travel to Kingswear, where the Dartmouth Passenger Ferry takes them across the River Dart to Dartmouth.

The line is owned and operated by Dart Valley Railway plc. This company also owns Dart Pleasure Craft Limited, which operates the Dartmouth Passenger Ferry as well as river and coastal cruises. The railway and connecting boat and bus services are jointly promoted as the Dartmouth Steam Railway and River Boat Company.

Unusually amongst heritage railways, the Dartmouth Railway is a commercial operation which does not rely on volunteer labour or charitable donations, although a few volunteers help at Churston railway station.

History

Kingswear branch

A BR Class 103 at Kingswear in 1972

The line was built by the Dartmouth and Torbay Railway, opening to Brixham Road station on 14 March 1861 and on to Kingswear on 10 August 1864. The Dartmouth and Torbay Railway was always operated by the South Devon Railway Company and was amalgamated with it on 1 January 1872. This was only short-lived as the South Devon Railway was in turn amalgamated into the Great Western Railway on 1 February 1876. Brixham Road became a junction and was renamed "Churston" on 1 January 1868 when the independent Torbay and Brixham Railway opened its short line. There were level crossings at Sands Road, Paignton, Tanners Road, Goodrington and on the approach to the Dartmouth Higher Ferry.

A new halt, less than one coach long, was opened on 18th October 1877 at the level crossing leading to the Dartmouth Higher Ferry, named Kingswear Cossing Halt, or later, Britannia Halt, for the Prince of Wales to bring his sons to enter the naval college based on HMS Britannia, which was moored close by on the river. In later years, the halt was used mainly by workers travelling to the Philip and Sons shipyard at Noss. The halt has since been demolished.

The line was single-track except for a crossing loop at Churston. It had been built using the 7-foot broad gauge, but on 21 May 1892 was converted to standard standard gauge. There were masonry viaducts at Broadsands, Hookhills and Greenway. South of Greenway Tunnel the railway was originally carried across two creeks on low timber viaducts, that at Longwood being 200 yards long and Noss being 170 yards. These were demolished after the line was moved inland around the creeks on 20 May 1923. This move also allowed the expansion of the Philip and Son shipyard between the creeks, to which a siding was opened in 1929. Authorisation was given by the GWR board to double the line from Greenway Viaduct to Britannia Halt, and the deviation was built to double track width, but the doubling was never undertaken. There was a further timber viaduct at Waterhead Creek, Kingswear, which was replaced by a double track concrete and steel viaduct in 1928, after which the heaviest locomotives could be used on the whole line. A turntable and an engine shed were provided at Kingswear. The shed was demolished in 1929, when the platform was extended to its present length of 850 ft.

A station was opened at Goodrington Sands, south of Paignton, on 9 July 1928. Approval was also given for a second halt at Broadsands, and there has been considerable debate as to whether it was actually built. C.R. Potts seems to have settled this with new evidence to show that it was not built. Park Sidings opened alongside Paignton Station in 1930 to give more room to stable carriages. A goods depot opened south of the station the following year, and the running line was doubled as far as Goodrington Sands.

The Great Western Railway was nationalised into British Railways on 1 January 1948. Further carriage sidings to handle the heavy traffic on summer Saturdays were opened at Goodrington in 1956, when the road bridge on Tanners Road, started before the Second World War, was completed and the level crossing removed. A turntable was brought into use there in the following year.

The Beeching Axe appeared to spare the line: Paignton was in the 'Green' category of Beeching's report though others were lower-rated, so the line was not proposed for closure, although it was shown as being subject to "modification". The Brixham branch closed on 13 May 1963 and the crossing loop at Churston on 20 October 1968.

Heritage railway

'Hercules' runs round the train at Kingswear

In 1968 it was formally proposed to the Ministry of Transport]] that the line from Paignton should be closed entirely, notwithstanding that it was still in profit, The line was officially closed on 28 October 1972, On 30 December 1972, the line was sold to the Dart Valley Light Railway Ltd, which at that time operated the nearby heritage railway that subsequently became the South Devon Railway. A winter service was operated from 1 January 1973, principally for the children at Churston Grammar School. There were two early morning services and two afternoon services. These were soon supplemented by a midday service each way, as the locomotive and stock were otherwise unemployed, but from the end of that summer it became a purely seasonal operation. The purchase price of the railway was £250,000 and a further £25,000 was paid for signalling alterations at Paignton. Most of this was recouped from the sale of surplus land, mainly at Goodrington, which was subsequently developed as flats, and at Kingswear, which became a marina. The Royal Dart Hotel at Kingswear was sold later. British Rail retained ownership of the line from south of Queen's Park station to a point adjacent to the end of the sidings at Goodrington, including the station, which was operated under a running powers agreement, and which was acquired by the DVR Company in 2000. A short section at and just south of the Sands Road level crossing at Paignton remains the property of Network Rail.

An independent station alongside the main station at Paignton, known as "Queens Park", was opened to serve the Kingswear trains on the site of the old Park Sidings. The line was initially marketed as the "Torbay Steam Railway", but this was changed to the "Torbay and Dartmouth Railway", then to the "Paignton and Dartmouth Steam Railway" and then to the "Dartmouth Steam Railway", part of the overall "Dartmouth Steam Railway and Riverboat Company" title. It remains the property of The Dart Valley Railway plc (the "Light" having been dropped in 1999). The summer 1973 service featured the locomotive LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman on four days per week, newly returned from its financially disastrous sojourn in the United States. Trains commenced at 7.28 am from Paignton, and the last returned at 10.03 pm at the height of the season. This was too expensive, so in 1974 the service was reduced to six trains each way. 1974 was a bad year for the Company financially, and further retrenchment to four trains each way, together with an appeal for volunteer workers, was needed in 1975. After this, some summer trains had to be lengthened to ten or more coaches, and the passing loop at Churston was reinstated.

The loop was reinstated at Churston in 1979 using colour-light signals, controlled by a new signal box on the original site, and made possible an hourly service in the peak season. On Saturdays, there were many passengers for holiday camps in the Brixham area, and three trains were run between Paignton and Churston only. In 1981 the turntable from the British Rail sidings at Goodrington was moved to Churston, to the north of the station, aligned on the old Brixham branch. In 1991 the control of all signalling was moved to a new panel at Britannia Crossing near Kingswear. A locomotive workshop was opened at Churston in 1993 and a carriage shop opened there three years later. A new level crossing just to the north of Kingswear to serve the Darthaven Marina, controlled from the Britannia signal box with the aid of closed-circuit television, was opened on 24th January 1993.

In 2007 the passing loop at Goodrington Sands was reinstated, along with the carriage sidings to give more space for storing rolling stock. In 2011 new offices for the railway and boats were opened at Kingswear in the style of a large GWR-style signal box. The following year saw the Dartmouth Steam Railway's station at Paignton rebuilt in GWR style, and a new unstaffed station opened at Greenway Halt to serve Agatha Christie's Greenway Estate. This is a request stop. Goodrington Sands became a request stop for the winter timetable only in 2016, but remains a compulsory stop at other times.

Ownership

The Dart Valley Railway Company Ltd was formed initially to purchase the trackbed and station sites of the Totnes to Ashburton line, which is now known as the South Devon Railway. On 30 December 1972, the Paignton to Dartmouth line was also sold to the Dart Valley Railway Company Ltd by the Ministry of Transport.

In 2010, the South Devon Railway Trust bought the freehold of the Totnes to Ashburton line from what was the Dart Valley Railway plc, on 8 February 2010. Until 2016, a Channel Islands-based businessman was the major shareholder in the plc company, until he sold his entire 29.99% share holding to businessman and steam railway enthusiast, Jeremy Hosking.

Operation

The operational base is at Paignton, where an engine shed, used for storage, light repairs and heavy coach repairs, is part of the station buildings. Heavy overhauls of locomotives are undertaken at Churston where there is a locomotive workshop on the west side of the line, and a paint shop and turntable on the east side. Churston is also the 'bus depot, and there is a maintenance facility, mainly used for 'buses, on the west side of the line.

Signalling is by electric multiple-aspect signals using Track Circuit Block controlled from a panel at Britannia Crossing. No tokens are normally in use. The level crossing at that site is supervised by the signalman at the panel, but that at Sands Road, just outside Paignton station, is operated locally by the train crew.

All stations except Greenway Halt have booking offices and catering and shop facilities, but those at Goodrington Sands and Churston are only open at busy times and tickets are issued on the train most of the time.

The steam railway also operates the No.100 bus service between Paignton, Goodrington Sands and Totnes, calling at Steamer Quay and the town centre. Some of the buses are open-top and are used regularly in the Summer, offering a connection with the railway and boat services on the river Dart and out to sea. These also include the Paddle Steamer Preservation Society's PS Kingswear Castle which operates on the River Dart in conjunction with the steam railway along with the rest of the company's river boats and ferries. In the peak season, the NT1 bus service is operated between Churston station yard, Greenway Halt and the entrance to the drive of Greenway House in connection with the train service.

The railway runs steam trains every day of their main operating season which is normally between April and November with additional low season running in February, March, November and December. The normal composition is seven coaches, this being the maximum length which can be handled at Paignton without shunting using a diesel shunter. Diesel haulage is provided only in emergencies when no steam locomotive is available due to failure, or as an addition to the published timetable on special occasions, such as the annual beer festival. There are also santa trains in December, some of which may be assisted by diesel traction.

Route

The route is described facing forwards from Paignton to Kingswear, which puts the sea on the left and the River Dart on the right.

Greenway Tunnel

The line is 6 miles and 57 chains long. and starts from its own platform at Paignton (also known as Paignton Queens Park). The shed for operational locomotives is built into the south end of the station building, although coaling is done at the north end alongside the entrance used by passengers. Immediately beyond the station the line crosses Sands Road on a level crossing. The second track, on the right, is used by Great Western Railway (train operating company) and Arriva Cross Country to access the Network Rail carriage sidings. There is a crossover between the two lines that allows trains from Network Rail infrastructure to run through onto the steam railway. This is normally used by mainline railtours which run on the steam railway to Kingswear.

Opposite the Network Rail carriage sidings on the right is a siding built by the steam railway to store engineering equipment, but now mostly redundant, since the sidings alongside Goodrington Sands station were acquired. The train now calls at Goodrington Sands station (formerly Halt). Behind the platform to the right are more sidings which were transferred to the steam railway in 2007. There are two platforms at Goodrington Sands, which can also act as a passing station, although all normal trains are timetabled to pass at Churston.

At Goodrington Sands the line starts its climb up a steep gradient (initially 1 in 71, easing slightly to 1 in 93 and then rising to 1 in 60 before levelling out just before Churston) behind the beach huts that line Goodrington Beach. The 630-mile South West Coast Path follows alongside the line on the right. As the train passes Goodrington Sands, Saltern Cove and Broadsands, panoramic views of the 'UNESCO Global Geopark' geology are seen. After a small headland the train passes the secluded Saltern Cove (a site of special scientific interest for its geology and marine biology) and Armchair Rock, then swings inland to the right to pass over first the 72-yard Broadsands Viaduct and then swings to the left over the 148-yard Hookhills Viaduct before reaching the line's summit at Churston. The last half mile to Churston is particularly difficult in operation, as it has the steepest gradient, is on a sharp curve, and is situated in a cutting which is often damp. On the approach to the station the turntable and sidings are seen on the left; this is where the Brixham branch line used to join the Kingswear branch. The paint shop to the left is on the site of the former Brixham bay platform. The main locomotive workshop is on the right, behind the second platform. This is where trains normally pass.

From here the line drops down, gently at first (1 in 132, then level) before steepening to 1 in 77 at the Kennels Lane bridge, passing under Greenway Road and joining the stream in Hook Bottom, with Brim Hill to the right and passing Greenway Halt on the right hand side. Shortly after the Halt the gradient eases to 1 in 100 as the train passes through the 495-yard long Greenway Tunnel. On leaving the tunnel, the gradient steepens to 1 in 66 and the River Dart appears on the right as the train passes over Greenway Viaduct. The line continues at 1 in 66 through Long Wood, a National Trust property. The line turns to the east as it leaves the original course, which continues straight on in a cutting, with a hut on the track bed. It then swings to the west over the embankment built in the early 1920s across Longwood Creek. The Noss Marina can be seen on the right. Once down to nearly river level the trees are left behind as the original course is regained. The train passes over Britannia Crossing, a level crossing over the A379 road as it approaches the Dartmouth Higher Ferry. It is from the signal box here that the signalling for the whole line is controlled. Between this point and Kingswear, the line was built mostly on the shore of the river, is accompanied by a footpath on the right, and isolates a bay on the left, formerly known as Ballast Cove. After this there is a long siding on the left, and shorter sidings on the right which are also crossed by the Hoodown Crossing, which gives access to the Dart Harbour and Navigation Authority workshop an the right, and to a road on the north side of Waterhead Creek. After crossing the Waterhead Viaduct across Waterhead Creek, the line swings to the right and the bay platform line is seen on the left. The Marina Crossing is then crossed and the platform is reached as the line arrives at Kingswear station. A long bridge carrying the footpath crosses the whole station site. The far end of the platform is covered by an umbrella roof and then a wooden train shed, a Grade II listed structure, in the style favoured by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, although he died more than four years before the station was built. The boat- and car-park alongside the station is part of Darthaven Marina and was once a busy rail-served quayside goods yard.

The ferry across the Dart to Dartmouth leaves from the pontoon which is next to the station. Dartmouth railway station is unique in that it has never seen a train as passengers have always arrived at the station by means of the ferry from Kingswear. This Grade II listed building is now a restaurant, booking facilities for boats and trains being provided at kiosks on The Embankment.

Rolling stock

Steam locomotives

Locomotive	Type	Photograph	Status	Livery	Notes
4277 Hercules	GWR 4200 Class 2-8-0T		Operational	BR lined Black, BR Logo	Built in 1920 at Swindon Works, Works No. 2857. She spent most of her working life in South Wales on freight trains and was withdrawn in 1964 from Aberbeeg Shed (BR shed code 86H). It was moved to Woodham Brothers scrapyard in Barry, Glamorgan shortly after withdrawal and remained there for 20 years until 1986 when it was privately purchased. In 2008 it was sold to the Paignton and Dartmouth Steam Railway following the completion of an overhaul. Currently being leased to the Churnet Valley Railway where it has been repainted and is set to return before 2018 for boiler ticket renewal (Boiler ticket expires in 2018).
4555 Warrior	GWR 4500 Class 2-6-2T		Undergoing overhaul	N/A	Built in 1924 at Swindon Works, She arrived at Dartmouth in 1973 where it has remained ever since. It was withdrawn from service in 2007, requiring a major overhaul. This overhaul began in 2014 with the locomotive now dismantled in the workshop. A new boiler is being constructed at Tyseley. It was originally due back in service during March 2018, but now it is expected to be in service in April or May because of delays in the sourcing of the locomotive's new flue tubes. When the overhaul is complete, it is expected to be hired out to other heritage railways.
5239 Goliath	GWR 5205 Class 2-8-0T		Undergoing overhaul	GWR lined green, 'Great Western' lettering	Built in 1923 at Swindon Works, the 5205 class was designed for pulling heavy coal trains in the Welsh Valleys. 5239 was based at Neath for all of its working life until being withdrawn from British Rail service in 1963. It arrived at Dartmouth in 1976 and was restored to operating condition in 1978. A further overhaul was completed in 2007 and the locomotive remained in service until 2015, when it was withdrawn for another overhaul. This is now underway at the East Somerset Railway.
6023 King Edward	GWR 6000 Class 4-6-0		Operational	BR Blue	Built in 1930 at Swindon Works. Based at Didcot Railway Centre but on hire to the line for the summer of 2018.
7752/L94	GWR 5700 Class 0-6-0PT		Operational, Mainline Certified	LT Maroon	Built in 1930 at North British Locomotive Company, Glasgow. Based at Tyseley Locomotive Works in Birmingham but on hire to the line during the summers of 2017 and 2018.
7827 Lydham Manor	GWR 7800 Class 4-6-0		Operational	BR lined black, early BR totem	Built in 1950 at Swindon Works, 7827 was first allocated to Chester. During February 1954 tests to improved draughting were conducted. By March 1959 it was at Oswestry but in October 1965 it was withdrawn from Shrewsbury. Acquired by Woodham's in May 1966 and was the fifth locomotive to be rescued from Barry Scrapyard, which it left in June 1970. It was restored by the Dart Valley Railway in 1973. (Boiler ticket expires in 2021).
75014 Braveheart	BR Standard Class 4 4-6-0		Operational	BR lined black, early BR totem	Built in 1951 at Swindon Works, 75014 was allocated to a number of Midland region sheds during its short life and 1964 saw it allocated to Shrewsbury from where it was withdrawn and sent to Barry scrap yard in December 1966. It was bought for preservation in 1981 and a four-man syndicate based on the North Yorkshire Moors Railway brought it back to steam in 1994. It was sold by then owner Bert Hitchen to the Dartmouth line in 2002 and was named Braveheart. She returned to traffic in December 2016 for the railways Santa special trains. (Boiler ticket expires in 2026).

Diesel locomotives

Locomotive	Type	Photograph	Status	Livery	Notes
D2192 Titan	BR Class 03 0-6-0		Operational	BR black, Dart Rail logo	Based at Churston for shunting work between Churston and Kingswear. It can be seen else where along the line if it is required. It sometimes hauls brake van rides during special events at Churston.
03 371	BR Class 03 0-6-0		Operational	BR Blue	Privately owned but is now based on the Dartmouth line as of February 2015.
D3014 Samson	BR Class 08 0-6-0		Operational	BR green, Dart Rail logo	It is used for shunting coaching stock or engineering stock at Paignton. It sometimes hauls brake van rides during special events at Churston.
D7535 Mercury	BR Class 25 Bo-Bo		Operational	BR Blue	Mainly used in the winter months for engineering trains but does operate passenger services on selected days during the season. It can also sometimes be found assisting charters from the mainline for either support with the gradients or to help shunt the coaching stock once at Kingswear. In later years with British Rail its number was changed from D7535 to 25185.

Visiting locomotives

71000 Duke of Gloucester beside the River Dart

Other locomotives visit the railway, either to supplement the railway's own fleet or to bring in special trains from the national rail network. However, the most frequent source of visiting locomotives is the Torbay Express, which runs from Bristol Temple Meads on selected Sundays from June through to September, and other one-off railtours which run to Kingswear. Locomotives that have made a visit to Kingswear include 5029 Nunney Castle, 5051 Earl Bathurst, 6024 King Edward I, 7802 Bradley Manor|7802 Bradley Manor, 34046 Braunton, 46100 Royal Scot, 60007 Sir Nigel Gresley, 60019 Bittern, 60163 Tornado, 70000 Britannia and 71000 Duke of Gloucester.

Coaches

Devon Belle Pullman Observation Car

The railway has a fleet of 21 coaches with 19 available for service and a further two coaches have been refurbished for special purposes detailed below.

Eleven of the coach fleet are British Railways Mark 1 corridor coaches, 8 TSOs, 2 BSKs and a BSO. The livery of the carriages is a version of the former GWR "chocolate and cream" livery and most carry an attractive sounding name, with a few carrying the name of either a female member of staff, or the name of a member of staff's child or grandchild. The brake carriages have had their former luggage vans converted to wheelchair accommodation, and are run adjacent to standard coaches which have also been modified for this purpose. A few coaches have toilets, but most toilets have been removed to make way for accommodation for pushchairs and other luggage.

A Pullman observation saloon, originally built for the Devon Belle service (No.13), is used regularly on passenger services. It provides a unique view of the railway, although an additional charge is made to ride in it. It was refurbished in 2012 and put back into original Pullman livery. It was out of service in 2017 while it was given a heavy overhaul.

The rest of the coaches are former British Rail Diesel multiple units, class 116 and 117 trailer cars with open saloons. Seven of these are used on the trains. The eighth DMU trailer, in a special picture livery, is fitted out as an exhibition coach at Kingswear telling the story of the line, its building by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, and a brief history of the local area. The other special purpose coach has been modified to act as classrooms for the railway's apprentices, is based at Churston, and is in green livery.

Freight

The railway runs a selection of freight wagons. An occasional freight train is run to take coal from the stockpile at Paignton to Kingswear for the PS Kingswear Castle. A short fire extinguishing train was partly sponsored by Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service, and is held ready to assist in fire extinguishing operations as required, being normally kept at Churston with a diesel shunter attached during dry summer weather. There is also a short weed treatment train. Other vehicles are for use in engineering operations and are normally stabled at Goodrington in the "Happy Valley" sidings, or at Churston.

Outside links

("Wikimedia Commons" has material about Dartmouth Steam Railway)

• Dartmouth Steam Railway and River Boat Company