Danson House
| Danson House | |
| Kent | |
|---|---|
 Danson House, Bexley | |
| Location | |
| Grid reference: | TQ47277518 |
| Location: | 51°27’23"N, -0°7’6"E |
| Town: | Welling |
| History | |
| Built 1768 | |
| By: | Robert Taylor |
| Country house | |
| Palladian | |
| Information | |
| Owned by: | English Heritage |
Danson House is a Palladian mansion standing at the centre of Danson Park, in Welling in north-western Kent. The house is a Grade I listed building,[1] and the park is listed on the regisyet of parks and gardens.[2]
History
Before Danson House
The earliest reference to the Danson Estates can be found in an Archbishop's survey of 1284, in which seven of the Archbishop's tenants are cited as owning 17 acres of land at "Densynton". The Manor of Bexley was acquired by Henry VIII, and remained a part of the royal estates until James I sold it to John Spielman in an attempt to raise funds for the crown. On 1 March 1622 the Manor was bought by William Camden, who immediately granted it to the University of Oxford to fund a chair in History. In 1695 the estates were sold into private hands for the first time as an owner-occupied property.
In 1699 John Styleman, a director of the British East India Company, took up residence at Danson, the estates having been acquired on his behalf by his brother Francis two years earlier. Styleman began to develop the estates as a country seat, but left Danson shortly after the death of his wife Arabella at the property in 1717. In 1723 Styleman leased the property for 99 years to John Selwyn MP, a royal courtier, who improved and enlarged the estates a great deal before his death in 1751. The estate at this point included a mansion with five bedrooms, four living rooms, a nursery, kitchen and brewhouse, as well as an icehouse, elaborate water features, and an ornamental Chinese-style house.
At his death in 1734, John Styleman's will stipulated that half the proceeds from the lease should go to his widow, Mary Styleman, and the other half to charities providing almhouses for 12 poor families in Bexley. On 10 July 1753 Selwyn's widow, also Mary, sub-let the property to Sir John Boyd, a sugar merchant and vice-chairman of the East India Company, and son of the St Kitts planter and slaveholder Augustus Boyd. By 1759 Boyd had taken over the lease and bought out the rest of the land added to the estates by Selwyn. However, he still had to pay £100 annuity to the charity established by Styleman's will, which owned half of the freehold. His offer of a permanent annuity in return for the charity's half of the freehold required an Act of Parliament, and as a result the Styleman Act was passed in 1762, and John Boyd thus became the sole owner of the entire estates, paving the way for extensive enlargement of the property and the construction of Danson House as it stands today.
The house
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Originally called Danson Hill, the Palladian villa was designed by leading architect Sir Robert Taylor (architect of the Bank of England), and constructed to the north of the older mansion. Work began on the house in 1763, and Boyd moved into the house around 1768 with his new wife Catherine. By the time of Boyd's death in 1800 it stood in the centre of over 600 acres of pleasure grounds and agricultural estate; over 200 acres of which today form Danson Park.
Internal furnishings and decorations, including ornate chimney-pieces, were designed by William Chambers, a friend of Boyd's, and murals and paintings were produced for the house by artists such as Richard Wilson and Richard Corbould.
The landscape was designed and laid out from 1761 to 1763, by either Capability Brown or his assistant Nathaniel Richmond. At its centre is a large and picturesque 12-acre (49,000 m2) lake to the south of the house, on the site of the previous mansion,[3] described by Edward Hasted in his History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent of 1797 as "a most magnificent sheet of water so contrived as to seem a beautiful serpentine river, flowing through the grounds".[4] A small house with a spire, named Chapel House, was constructed to the south of Danson House, which has now been separated from the rest of the park by a motorway,[5] but can still be seen today near the roundabout at Blendon.
1800–present
Sir John died in January 1800. His son demolished the imposing wings containing kitchens and stables, and built the present stable block (design attributed to George Dance the Younger). He sold the estate in 1807 to John Johnston, a retired army captain of the 62nd Regiment of Foot and Freeman of the City of London. In 1829, it passed to Johnston's son Hugh. Hugh's daughter Sarah painted a number of watercolours of the interior in the 1860s with intricate detail, which were later of key use in the restoration of the interior. Hugh Johnston sold Danson to railway engineer Alfred Bean in 1862.[3] Bean was the driving force behind the Bexleyheath Railway Company,[6] and chairman of Bexley Local Board, and envisaged transforming the 582-acre estate into a residential suburb. Outlying areas were sold off for residential development according to Bean's will, but the house and 224 acres of the estate remained in Bean's family after his death in 1890, until the death of his widow in 1921, when it was auctioned, and eventually acquired by the local Bexley council for £16,000 in 1924.[3] The park was opened to the public in 1925 by Princess Mary, while the house was used for civil defence purposes during the Second World War. Over time football pitches, tennis courts and a bowling green have been added, along with an open-air swimming pool in 1936 and the Boathouse and Cafe, open to the public in 1964. The park is now used extensively by the community.
When the house was acquired by English Heritage in 1995, it was in a dangerously dilapidated condition, having been uninhabited since 1923,[3] and was described by English Heritage as "the most significant building at risk in London".[7] It was painstakingly restored in a ten-year £4.5m project by Purcell Miller Tritton architects. Bexley Heritage Trust, a local heritage charity, was involved in partnership with English Heritage from 2000 and completed the interior furnishing and fitting-out of the house prior to its reopening by The Queen in Spring 2005.[7]
The council has subsequently made Danson House its register office.
On film and television
The house was used as a filming location for the 2017 historical TV drama Taboo, starring Tom Hardy.[8]
Outside links
References
- ↑ National Heritage List 1064225: Danson Park Mansion (Grade I listing)
- ↑ National Heritage List 1000211: Danson Park (Register of Historic Parks and Gardens)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 White, Roger (1982). "Danson Park, Bexley". Archaeologia Cantiana 98. http://www.kentarchaeology.org.uk/Research/Pub/ArchCant/Vol.098.1982/098-04.pdf.
- ↑ Hasted, Edward (1972). The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent (2nd ed.). Maidstone, UK: EP Publishing and Kent County Library. ISBN 0-85409-789-9. https://archive.org/details/historytopograph0000hast.
- ↑ "The Bexleyheath Line". http://www.bexley.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=10666.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Danson House". http://www.bexleyheritagetrust.org.uk/dansonhouse/.
- ↑ Miles, Tim (30 December 2016). "Danson House set for starring role in new Tom Hardy TV mini-series". Bexley Times. http://www.bexleytimes.co.uk/news/danson_house_set_for_starring_role_in_new_tom_hardy_tv_mini_series_1_4832861.