Briton Ferry
| Briton Ferry Welsh: Llansawel | |
| Glamorgan | |
|---|---|
| |
| Location | |
| Grid reference: | SS735945 |
| Location: | 51°38’24"N, 3°49’48"W |
| Data | |
| Population: | 7,186 |
| Post town: | Neath |
| Postcode: | SA11 |
| Dialling code: | 01639 |
| Local Government | |
| Council: | Neath Port Talbot |
| Parliamentary constituency: |
Aberavon |
Briton Ferry is a town in Glamorgan at the mouth of the River Neath, where it enters Swansea Bay. This was the first river crossing along the Roman road that followed the coastline here. The river crossing was by ferry boat some 2 miles from the bridge across the River Neath at Neath. At certain low tides it was possible to walk across the river by a ford close to the ferry route using stepping stones.
The town is served by Briton Ferry railway station.
There are remains of ancient stone age settlements on the hills above Briton Ferry. The town was part of the Briton Ferry Estate.[1]
Industrial development
The Industrial Revolution brought factories such as the Albion Steel Works, the English Crown Spelter Works and the Baglan Bay Tinplate Works were built on land close to the River Neath and the new South Wales Railway,[2] built by Isambard Kingdom Brunel. In 1840 an area of about 750 acres of land in Cwmafan was leased for 99 years to John Vigurs and subsequently passed to Wright, Butler & Co. Ltd, then to Baldwins Ltd. The terraces of houses built on this land were sublet for the remainder of the term of this lease in 1897 and 1898 - but many were declared unfit for habitation in the 1930s and resultantly demolished.[1]
The industrial development and industrialisation attracted other railways, including the Neath and Brecon Railway, the Rhondda and Swansea Bay Railway, and the South Wales Mineral Railway[3] with its cable powered incline.
Briton Ferry floating dock
In the 1850s the Briton Ferry Floating Dock Company was incorporated, and bought land from the Earl of Jersey to build the Briton Ferry Docks.[1] When it opened in 1861, the dock consisted of an outer tidal basin, and an inner floating dock, where the water level was maintained by a single gate, which included a buoyancy chamber. It covered an area of 181 acres.[4] The gate was 56 feet wide, and the unique structure with its floating caisson was designed by Brunel's father, Sir Marc Brunel.[5] Following Brunel's death in 1859, Robert Brereton took over as engineer, and also acted as engineer for improvements made in 1872 and 1873.[6] The company later went bankrupt and the Great Western Railway took over the docks as a going concern.[1] After Second World War many warships were scrapped there, until the dock was closed in 1959.[4] As part of a regeneration programme, a tower, which formed part of the complex, has been refurbished. It was an accumulator tower for the hydraulic system which operated the dock gate and cranes. The system was designed by William Armstrong, and in 2010, the Institute of Civil Engineers unveiled a plaque at the site to commemorate the 200th anniversary of his birth.[7]
"Giants Grave" is a folk song written by Huw Pudner and Chris Hastings about the shipbreaking industry at the Briton Ferry Docks. The chorus runs:
"And me and my old pals
With our hammers and spanners
We'd take out the fittings
We'd work until late
From Lisbon to Lagos
From Belfast to Boston
We'd salvage the cable
Steel rivets and plate"
The shipbreaking of WW2 ships, for example HMS Bermuda, took place at Giants Grave upstream of the floating dock, and north of the M4 and A48.
The Mouchel phenomena
In 1875 the French-born engineer Louis Gustave Mouchel established himself in Briton Ferry and quickly became involved in a number of successful enterprises. His consultancy company was directly responsible for introducing ferro-concrete (also called 'reinforced concrete') to Britain, with the claimed first entirely ferro-concrete building in the UK constructed for the Weaver and Co mills in neighbouring Swansea.
So important was Briton Ferry for trade with France that Mouchel was, from 1879 to his death, French Consular Agent to 'Briton Ferry, Talbot, Porthcawl and Neath Abbey'.
Deindustrialisation
The industrial revolution brought much expansion to Briton Ferry that included iron works, steel works, tinplate production and engineering. Production generally lasted until the 1970s. In 1951 as industry began to dwindle, portions of the estate were sold to the Principality Property Co., Estateways Builders, John Oliver Watkins, the City & Provincial Housing Association and Gwalia Land & Property Developments Ltd.
Modern development
A new bridge across the River Neath was completed in 1955 and a second one, built to carry the M4 motorway, was completed in 1993.[8] The main line railway still passes through but the industries have closed resulting in Briton Ferry being a dormitory suburb of the new Neath Port Talbot County Borough.[9]
The sailing ships with destinations all over the world that used to berth in Brunel’s magnificent ports have disappeared as has the docks, which is now filled in with only a few remains to be seen. But work has now started to restore Brunel's tower, with a restoration group presently trying to restore what remains of the unique Brunel dock to working order (the only one in the world to use a floating chamber), for use by fishing boats and yachts.[5]
Briton Ferry Woods
Briton Ferry Woods is a natural woodland that has never been felled and remains one of the oldest ancient woodland areas since the last Ice Age covered Great Britain. The majestic beech trees, which display vivid orange hues in autumn and cool shelter from the sun in summer, welcome visitors to the wood. In spring time bluebells put on their show. Ancient upland Welsh Oak woods cover much of the slopes, which give way to healthy scrubland or moorland towards the top of the hill. There is also an area of firs within the wood, a remnant of a very old plantation. The wood is full of birdsong during spring and summer, and in the evening you may see bats feeding on insects throughout the wood.
Sport
- Briton Ferry Llansawel AFC
- Briton Ferry RFC
Outside links
- 2000 photograph of Briton ferry floating dock
- Pictures of Briton Ferry and the area on Geograph.co.uk
- River Bridge Briton Ferry
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "West Glamorgan Archive Service: Briton Ferry Estate". Archives Wales. http://www.archiveswales.org.uk/anw/get_collection.php?inst_id=34&coll_id=1203&expand=. Retrieved 2011-04-16.
- ↑ South Wales Railway
- ↑ South Wales Mineral Railway
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Briton Ferry Dock". Royal Commission on the ancient and historical monuments of Wales. http://www.coflein.gov.uk/en/site/34237/details/BRITON+FERRY+DOCK/. Retrieved 2011-04-16.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Colin Hughes (22 April 2003). "Brunel Dock's kiss of life?". The Western Mail. http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/page.cfm?objectid=12875038&method=full&siteid=50082&headline=Brunel%252520Dock's%252520kiss%252520of%252520life%25253F. Retrieved 2011-04-16.
- ↑ Peter Cross-Rudkin et. al. (2008). A Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers in Great Britain and Ireland: Vol 2: 1830 to 1890. Thomas Telford. ISBN 978-0-7277-3504-1.
- ↑ Gill Roberts (30 November 2010). "Industry award to honour docks pioneer's work". Evening Post. http://www.thisissouthwales.co.uk/news/Industry-award-honour-docks-pioneer-s-work/article-2949661-detail/article.html. Retrieved 2011-04-16.
- ↑ M4 Baglan to Lonlas Construction
- ↑ Neath Port Talbot County Borough council