Anerley

Anerley
Surrey
Anerley Road 2010
Location
Grid reference:	TQ345695
Location:	51°24’53"N, 0°4’1"W
Data
Post town:	London
Postcode:	SE20
Dialling code:	020
Local Government
Council:	Bromley
Parliamentary constituency:	Beckenham

Anerley is a suburban part of Penge in Metropolitan Surrey, spilling over into Kent. It is located west of Bromley and is seven miles south south-east of Charing Cross.

History

Origin and development

Anerley Hill road with the Crystal Palace

Anerley has never existed as an independent entity, but rather as a general area. Prior to the enclosure and the relocation of the Crystal Palace to Penge Place at the top of Sydenham Hill, Anerley was an unoccupied part of Penge Common, and did not develop until the 19th century. The government Act of 1827 stipulated that a 50-foot-wide, new road, was to be set out from Elmers End Road to what is now Church Road, Upper Norwood. In 1827, a silk manufacturer named William Sanderson bought land on the former Penge Common, and he built the first house in the area, which he named "Anerly", a Scottish word meaning "solitary" or "only", and the road subsequently became known as Anerley Road, also giving the name to the surrounding area. William Sanderson's name is the first to appear in the first rate book, dated 18 June 1827, now held in the Anerley Town Hall.

Canal and railway

The Croydon Canal was opened on 22 October 1809, and passed through Anerley. The canal only lasted 27 years, and proved to be a financial failure and was sold to the London and Croydon Railway Company, for £40,250. London and Croydon Railway would use much of the former canal for the new railway line, with remnants remaining in Betts Park in Anerley and in Dacres Wood, Sydenham. The railway deviated from the canal course entering a new cutting near what is now Anerley railway station (opened on 5 June 1839 and named initially as Annerley Bridge Station). William Sanderson made land available in return for the creation of the railway station adjacent to his house "Anerly". Isambard Kingdom Brunel built an atmospheric railway along this course in 1845, but it was short lived. The inability to include points on an atmospheric railway resulted in the construction of flyovers one of which runs through Anerley between Crystal Palace railway station and Sydenham railway station. A train collision occurred at Anerley on 5 October 1844, 24 people were injured, although no fatalities. The driver was found to be a fault, along with a lack of tail lights. The report stated the following "The second tram passed the Jolly Sailor Station (now Norwood Junction) about three minutes after the first, the green light being then exhibited there as a signal to go on with caution; and on approaching the Anerley Station, the engineman of this train observed a red light on the signal post, which was the signal to stop at that station; but not seeing the red light that ought to have been exhibited in the rear of the preceding train, he considered it was gone. and just as it was slowly quitting the station he ran into it, but with diminished speed"

Anerley Gardens

Anerley Gardens, around 1860, Anerley Railway Station and The Crystal Palace can be seen in the Background

Admission Ticket to the Anerley Gardens

Anerley Town Hall built in 1878

Anerley Station Road in 1900. Anerley Railway station can be seen on the left, Anerley Arms can be seen on the extreme left, and the buildings on the right are still there to this day.

Anerley Gardens opened in 1841, and provided entertainment to the growing 19th-century leisure industry. With the new medium of rail travel and boasting its own station, Anerley become a desirable social venue. With regular dances, a boating lake, the Anerley Hotel (now the site of the Anerley Arms), Swiss cottage, Maze, or just to enjoy the "tranquil" gardens. The Gardens closed in 1868, from competition from the nearby The Crystal Palace.

1860 onwards

From the 1860s the residential area developed, grand Victorian houses were built along Anerley Road, and Anerley formed part of the Parish of St Paul's, forming in 1861. Anerley Vestry Hall (Anerley Town hall) was built in 1878 for the sum of £4,341, to conduct public business for the area. The Hall was enlarged in 1911 for the sum of £3,229 and contained offices, a public hall, the council chamber, committee rooms, and a petty sessional court opened in 1925. By the beginning of the 20th Century, Anerley, like the area now known as Crystal Palace was in decline with much of the grand Victorian houses converted into flats, and by the middle of the century new housing estates were constructed.

WWII

During World War II Anerley suffered extensive bomb damage, with five V1 Rockets landing, a further six landed in Crystal Palace Park and a total of 23 in the whole SE20 district. On 18 June 1944 it was reported a V1 Rocket was being chased by a Spitfire, and then shot down by AA gun fire. The shot down V1 fell upon Anerley Park near the junction of Anerley road. Two people were killed and three houses destroyed with a further 20 houses severely damaged. On 11 July 1944 the third V1 Rocket strike to hit Anerley landed on Anerley Road at the Junction with Crystal Palace railway station. People had heard the rocket cut out and ran for cover, with many failing to find any, killing 11 People. The Shops on Station road were totally destroyed, on Anerley road 18 shops were demolished, eight shops and seven houses severely damaged and 84 houses with minor damage. The Paxton Arms pub was also partially destroyed and would not re-open until 1955. The last rocket would strike Anerley 24 August 1944.

Transport

Buses

Anerley is served by London buses routes N3, 75, 157, 197, 249, 354, 358, 432 and 356. The 432 now terminates at Anerley Bus stand, behind the Station on Anerley Station Road.

Road

Two A roads, the A213 and A214 pass through the area. During the late 1960s and 1970s the A214 was to be part of the London Ringways project. The A214 was to become Ringway 2 and it would have passed through much of Anerley, and have followed the railway line from Birkbeck station and travelled north. The construction of the A214 into the planned London Motorways network (much like the A2 or Hammersmith flyover London section today), would have seen a lot of destruction of property in Anerley and a great increase in noise pollution. After much consultation and Government dithering the various London Ringway projects were cancelled, including the A214 section.

Rail

• Anerley railway station: trains to London Bridge and East Croydon or West Croydon. London Overground also operate the East London Railway from Dalston Junction to West Croydon.
• Birkbeck station: trains to London Bridge via Peckham Rye.

Trams

• Birkbeck station: trams to Beckenham Junction and Croydon.

In the era of street trams, a tramway ran down Anerley Road, turning into Croydon Road. It joined the main tram network at West Croydon. In the early days a stationary engine was needed to haul trams up the steepest part of Anerley Hill. Later models were able to climb unassisted, but special gearing was designed exclusively for this route. The tramway was replaced by trolley buses on route 654 which operated until 1959.

Transport for London had proposed the extension of Tramlink services from Harrington Road tram stop to the bus station on Crystal Palace Parade via Anerley Road and a consultation exercise finished in December 2006. However Mayor Boris Johnson cancelled the 170 million pound extension in November 2008.

Notable residents

• Thomas Crapper, notable plumber (who did not invent the flush toilet, but promoted it), on his retirement lived at 12 Thornsett Road.
• Walter de la Mare, famous poet and author of ghost stories, resided at 14 Thornsett Road during the 1920s.
• James Busby, authored the Treaty of Waitangi and introduced vines to Australia.
• Arthur Bigsworth, aviator was born in Anerley in 1885, said to be the inspiration for W. E. Johns' fictional hero Biggles.
• Francis Godolphin Osbourne Stuart, photographer and postcard publisher lived at Hamlet Terrace in the 1870s.

Sources

• Hibbert, Christopher; Ben Weinreb (2008). The London Encyclopaedia. Macmillan Reference. ISBN 978-1-4050-4924-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=wN_H-__MBpYC&pg=PA23&dq=anerley+london&hl=en&ei=s3g8TIKEJ6jgsAbJ_djCDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=anerley%20london&f=false. 
• Howard Turner, Charles (1977). The London Brighton and South Coast Railway. 1 Origins and Formation (1st edn ed.). London: Batsford. ISBN 0-7134-0275-X. 

("Wikimedia Commons" has material about Anerley)

Outside links

• Historical Images Of Anerley and showing Paxton Arms post V1 Rocket