Crowhurst Place
| Crowhurst Place | |
| Surrey | |
|---|---|
 Crowhurst Place | |
| Location | |
| Grid reference: | TQ38644637 |
| Location: | 51°11’59"N, 0°1’1"W |
| Village: | Crowhurst, Surrey |
| History | |
| Built 15th century, expansion 1911-1915 | |
| By: | George A. Crawley |
| Country house | |
| Information | |
Crowhurst Place by Crowhurst in Surrey is a mediæval hall house dating from the early 15th century. In the 20th century, the house was reconstructed and enlarged by George A. Crawley, firstly for himself and subsequently for Consuelo Vanderbilt, Duchess of Marlborough. It is a Grade I listed building.[1]
History
The origins of Crowhurst Place are those of a traditional hall house of the early 15th century.[2] It was built for the Gaynesfords, a family of wealthy yeomen:[3] Pevsner gives a construction date of around 1425.[4]
In the early 20th century, the estate was bought by George A. Crawley, a decorator and designer rather than a trained architect, who developed a small, but successful practice in reconstructing traditional buildings in a Tudor Revival style.[5] Working firstly for himself, and subsequently for Consuelo Vanderbilt, Crawley greatly expanded the original mediæval hall house.[5] The result, "remarkable in its own right",[2] saw Crawley add extensions, chimneys, gables, linenfold panelling and large amounts of half-timbering.[6] Life at Crowhurst in the early stages of reconstruction was not without its challenges. Crawley's friend, and biographer, the politician Cuthbert Headlam, recorded the first Christmas celebrated at the house, in his memoir of Crawley. Guests were obliged to huddle together for warmth in front of the fireplace in the great hall, as drifts of snow gusted in through large cracks in the building's frame. Ultimately, the discomfort proved too great for Crawley's wife, and the house was sold to Consuelo Vanderbilt in 1910.[7]
Consuelo Vanderbilt had married Charles Spencer-Churchill, 9th Duke of Marlborough in 1895. The marriage brought status and social position to the Vanderbilts, and money to the Marlboroughs, but happiness to neither Consuelo nor her husband. By 1906, they were living apart, although they did not divorce until 1921.[8] In searching for a new home after her separation, Consuelo was drawn to Crowhurst Palace, its Tudor appearance a stark contrast to the Baroque grandeur of Blenheim Palace, a house she loathed.[7] Crawley continued work on the house for its new owner, with ultimately over half the building being rebuilt or constructed afresh on old foundations, with the remainder being heavily restored. Consuelo remained at the house until 1921, when she moved to France following her second marriage to Jacques Balsan, an aviator and entrepreneur.[9]
Martin Conway, writing in Country Life, considered Crawley's reconstruction gave the remains of the original manor, "a beauty far greater than was ever theirs in the days of its newness".[10] Nairn, Pevsner and Cherry note the sense of escapism which inspired much of the Tudor Revival, calling Crowhurst, "an extreme example of the English flight from reality around the 1914-18 war".[2]
Later owners of Crowhurst Place included Sir John Davis, Chairman of The Rank Organisation,[11] and Adam Faith, the singer.
Architecture and description
The house is approached over a drawbridge, which crosses a defensive moat.[12] The original buildings comprise the central hall, with a single further chamber separated by a screens passage.[13] The North and South wings are additions by Crawley, who also altered the roofline, adding a porch, an oriel window and an array of Tudoresque chimney stacks.[2] The main block is of two storeys, with a six-bay frontage. The construction materials are timber, with brick and stone plinths and brick infilling.[1]
The lodge,[14] and a dovecot, are both by Crawley, date from around 1920 and are both listed Grade II.[15] A granary and barn on the estate are 15th century in origin and are listed Grade II*,[16] while another barn is later, of the 16th century, and is listed Grade II.[17]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 National Heritage List 1280991: Crowhurst Place (Grade I listing)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Nairn, Pevsner & Cherry 1971, p. 177.
- ↑ Ditchfield, p 26
- ↑ Pevsner, p 177
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Aslet & Powers 1985, p. 248.
- ↑ Tinniswood 2016, pp. 62-64.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Aslet 1982, p. 162.
- ↑ Stuart 2005, p. 178.
- ↑ Aslet, p 77
- ↑ Tinniswood, p 63
- ↑ "Bulletin 189". Surrey Archaeological Society. February 1984. https://www.surreyarchaeology.org.uk/sites/default/files/SAS189.pdf.
- ↑ Ditchfield, p 199
- ↑ Pevsner, p 177
- ↑ National Heritage List 1029926: Gate Lodge to Crowhurst Place (Grade II listing)
- ↑ National Heritage List 1029925: Dovecot north of Crowhurst Place (Grade II listing)
- ↑ National Heritage List 1377584: Granary and barn southwest of Crowhurst Place (Grade II* listing)
- ↑ National Heritage List 1029924: Barn west of Crowhurst Place (Grade II listing)
- Aslet, Clive:
- 'The Last Country Houses' (Yale University Press, 1982) ISBN 978-0-300-02904-8
- 'The National Trust Book of the English House' (1985)
- 'An Exuberant Catalogue of Dreams' (Aurum Press, 2013) ISBN 978-1-781-31094-6
- Ditchfield, Peter Hempson: The Manor Houses of England (1910)
- Nikolaus Pevsner: The Buildings of England: Surrey, 1962; 1971 Penguin Books ISBN 978-0-300-09675-0
- Tinniswood, Adrian: 'The Long Weekend: Life in the English Country House Between the Wars' (Jonathan Cape, 2016) ISBN 978-1-448-19124-6
- Stuart, Amanda Mackenzie: 'Consuelo and Alva Vanderbilt' (Harper Collins, 2005) ISBN 978-0-066-21418-4