Littlebredy
| Littlebredy | |
| Dorset | |
|---|---|
 Parish church of St Michael and All Angels | |
| Location | |
| Grid reference: | SY588890 |
| Location: | 50°41’57"N, 2°34’58"W |
| Data | |
| Population: | 121 (2011) |
| Post town: | Dorchester |
| Postcode: | DT2 |
| Local Government | |
| Council: | Dorset |
| Parliamentary constituency: |
West Dorset |
| Website: | Little Bredy Village |
Littlebredy (also written Little Bredy, pronounced "Briddy"[1]) is a small village in Dorset, approximately six and a half miles west of the county town, Dorchester.
The village stands at the head of the valley of the small River Bride, surrounded by wooded chalk hills of the Dorset Downs. The parish contains the Valley of Stones National Nature Reserve and is in an area rich with evidence of early human occupation. The 2011 census noted a population of 121.
History and prehistory
The area around Littlebredy is rich with evidence of early occupation, including stone circles, strip lynchets, tumuli (long and round barrows) and a probable hill fort.[2][3] North and east of the village the density of barrows is as great as the area around Stonehenge.[4]
One mile north of the village and just outside the parish is a group of 44 Bronze Age round barrows of various sizes, known as Winterbourne Poor Lot Barrows or just Poor Lot.[2][5] On a hill immediately south of the village are the earthworks of Old Warren (or Danes' Camp), which most likely was a univallate (single rampart) Iron Age hill fort.[6] Old Warren may later have been used as a burh in the time of Alfred the Great, though it may have been not completed, or abandoned in favour of a site at what is now Bridport.[4][6][7]
Records from the 10th century refer to the area as 'Bridian' or 'Brydian'[4][7] and in 1086 Littlebredy specifically was recorded in the Domesday Book as 'Litelbride'.[8] The words 'Bride' and 'Bredy' derive from the Old Weslh for a torrential, gushing stream; the addition of 'Little' distinguishes the parish from the larger neighbouring parish of Long Bredy.[2][3]
Littlebredy was owned by Cerne Abbey until the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the 16th century, when the Abbey lands were sold to Philip Vanwilder. The estate subsequently passed to the Freke family of Iwerne Courtney and then Sir Robert Meller (or Mellor)[1] of Winterborne Came,[3] who built Bridehead House in the early 17th century.[1][3] In 1730 the estate was bought by the Meech family who in 1797 sold it to wealthy banker Robert Williams from Hertfordshire.[3]
During the 19th century the Williams family, headed by four successive Roberts who all became members of parliament,[9] made substantial changes to the estate. The architects Peter Frederick Robinson and then Benjamin Ferrey were employed. Bridehead House was extended and altered by Robinson in 1830–33, then extended further by Ferrey a few years later. The River Bride was dammed near its source to create a lake as part of landscaping around the house.[2][10] Ferrey also designed new cottages to form an estate village and provided plans for restoring the parish church, including adding a spire to its 14th-century tower.[1][3][9] Some Jacobean buildings in the village were also changed around this time, being reworked into a Gothic farmyard or stable block.[2][3] Ferrey's plan for the church—which involved virtually rebuilding it—was implemented in 1847 under the supervision of the third Robert Williams' brother-in-law, Arthur Acland, who also had an architectural input.[3][9]
In the churchyard is a memorial to Frederic Wallis, Bishop of Wellington, New Zealand, who married into the Williams family. It is made from the wood of a tree sent specially from New Zealand.
Valley of Stones
In the south of the parish is the Valley of Stones, which in 1906 was described by Sir Frederick Treves as "a mysterious glen among the downs, on whose grassy slopes many huge stones are scattered."[2][11] In prehistoric times it was used as a source of building material for nearby constructions such as tombs and stone circles, and within 4 miles are two-thirds of all such structures in the county.[9][12] Folklore attributes the origin of the stones to have been two giants playing stone-throwing games,[13] but they are the result of conditions at the end of the last Ice Age, when freezing and thawing caused sandstone on surrounding hilltops to break up and slump downhill. They form one of the best British examples of a sarsen stone boulder train. The stones and the surrounding dry chalk valley provide habitats for a variety of flora and fauna—including clustered bellflower, autumn gentian, lichens, bryophytes and the adonis blue butterfly—and the area is designated a National Nature Reserve.[12]
Outside links
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("Wikimedia Commons" has material about Littlebredy) |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Ken Ayres (January 2010). "Bridehead revisited". Dorset Life Magazine. http://www.dorsetlife.co.uk/2010/01/bridehead-revisited/. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Roland Gant (1980). Dorset Villages. Robert Hale Ltd. pp. 161–163. ISBN 0 7091 8135 3.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 "Little Bredy". Dorset OPC Project. http://www.opcdorset.org/LittleBredyFiles/Little%20Bredy.htm. Retrieved 21 February 2014.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Extracts from C.J. Bailey's Book "The Bride Valley"". Burton Bradstock ONLINE Committee. 1999–2013. http://www.burtonbradstock.org.uk/History/C%20J%20Baileys%20The%20Bride%20Valley/The%20Natural%20Setting.htm. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
- ↑ Winterbourne Poor Lot Barrows: English Heritage
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 National Monuments Record: No. 1410345 – Old Warren
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Littlebredy: An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in Dorset, Volume 1, pages 37–39
- ↑ "Dorset H—R". The Domesday Book Online. domesdaybook.co.uk. 1999–2013. http://www.domesdaybook.co.uk/dorset2.html#littlebredy. Retrieved 21 February 2014.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 "Little Bredy". Dorset Ancestors. 11 November 2011. http://dorset-ancestors.com/?p=1823. Retrieved 22 February 2014.
- ↑ "Little Bredy (Littlebredy)". weymouth-dorset.co.uk. http://www.weymouth-dorset.co.uk/little-bredy.html. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
- ↑ Sir Frederick Treves, 1st Baronet (1906). Highways and Byways in Dorset. Macmillan & Co Ltd. pp. 247–8. https://archive.org/details/cu31924028032351.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Valley of Stones NNR". Natural England. http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/conservation/designations/nnr/1007103.aspx. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
- ↑ Maureen Hymas (1981). Dorset Folklore. Books of Wessex Ltd. p. 33. ISBN 0-90157550-X.