Durdle Door

Durdle Door, Dorset

Durdle Door is a natural limestone arch on the Jurassic Coast of Dorset, near Lulworth. It is privately owned by the Lulworth Estate, which owns 12,000 acres in Dorset. The arch is open to the public.

Name

There is a dearth of early written records about the arch, though it has kept a name given to it probably over a thousand years ago. In the late eighteenth century there is a description of the "magnificent arch of Durdle-rock Door", and early nineteenth-century maps called it 'Duddledoor' and 'Durdle' or 'Dudde Door'. In 1811 the first Ordnance Survey map of the area named it as 'Dirdale Door'.

'Durdle' appears to be derived from the Old English 'þyrel', meaning “hole”. Similar names in the region include Durlston Bay and Durlston Head further east, where a coastal stack suggests the existence of an earlier arch, and the Thurlestone, an arched rock in the neighbouring county, Devon, to the west. The 'Door' part of the name probably maintains its modern meaning, referring to the arched shape of the rock; in the late nineteenth century there is reference to it being called the "Barn-door", and is described as being "sufficiently high for a good-sized sailing boat to pass through it."

Geology

The form of the coastline around Durdle Door is controlled by its geology—both by the contrasting hardnesses of the rocks, and by the local patterns of faults and folds. The arch has formed on a concordant coastline where bands of rock (geology)|rock run parallel to the shoreline. The rock strata are almost vertical, and the bands of rock are quite narrow. Originally a band of resistant Portland limestone ran along the shore, the same band that appears one mile along the coast forming the narrow entrance to Lulworth Cove. Behind this is a 390-foot band of weaker, easily eroded rocks, and behind this is a stronger and much thicker band of chalk, which forms the Purbeck Hills. These steeply dipping rocks are part of the geological structure known as the Lulworth crumple, itself part of a broader monocline (a kinked type of geological fold) produced by the building of the Alps during the mid-Cenozoic.

A 'back view' of the Durdle Door promontory from the east, showing the visible remnants of the more resistant strata in Man O'War Bay

The limestone and chalk are in closer proximity at Durdle Door than at Swanage, 10 miles to the east, where the distance is over 2 miles. There are at least three reasons for this. Firstly, the beds are highly inclined (whilst more gently inclined at Swanage). Secondly, some of the beds have been cut out by faulting; and thirdly, the area around Durdle Door seems to have had shallower water at the time of deposition than comparable geological sections, so thinner bands of sediments were deposited.

Around this part of the coast nearly all of the limestone has been removed by sea erosion, whilst the remainder forms the small headland which includes the arch. Erosion at the western end of the limestone band has resulted in the arch formation. UNESCO teams monitor the condition of both the arch and adjacent beach.

The isthmus 390 feet high which joins the limestone to the chalk is made of a 160 feet band of Portland limestone, a narrow and compressed band of Cretaceous Wealden clays and sands, and then narrow bands of Greensand and sandstone.

In Man O' War Bay, the small bay immediately east of Durdle Door, the band of Portland and Purbeck limestone has not been entirely eroded away, and is visible above the waves as Man O'War Rocks. Similarly, offshore to the west, the eroded limestone outcrop forms a line of small rocky islets called (from east to west) The Bull, The Blind Cow, The Cow, and The Calf.

As the coastline in this area is generally an eroding landscape, the cliffs are subject to occasional rockfalls and landslides; a particularly large slide occurred just to the east of Durdle Door in April 2013, resulting in destruction of part of the South West Coast Path.

In literature and popular culture

Music videos have been filmed at Durdle Door, including parts of Tears for Fears' Shout and Cliff Richard's Saviour's Day.

The landscape around Durdle Door has been used in scenes in several films, including Wilde (1997), Nanny McPhee, and the 1967 production of Far from the Madding Crowd (the latter also filmed around nearby Scratchy Bottom).

Ron Dawson's children's story Scary Bones meets the Dinosaurs of the Jurassic Coast creates a myth of how Durdle Door came to be, as an 'undiscovered' dinosaur called Durdle Doorus is magically transformed into rock.

A Dorset-born missionary to China, Arthur Moule, who was a friend of Thomas Hardy, wrote these lines about Durdle Door for his 1879 book of poetry Songs of heaven and home, written in a foreign land:

Shall the tide thus ebb and flow for ever?
and for evermore
Rave the wave and glance the ripple through the
rocks at Durdle Door?

Outside links

("Wikimedia Commons" has material about Durdle Door)

• "Caves, Arches & Stacks" Southwest Coastal Group
• "Durdle Door: Past and future" animation
• Section of Lulworth Crumple, labelled diagram by Ian West (2013)
• Durdle Door Educational Activity Sheet for Kids at EasyScienceforKids.

References

Books

• Arkell, W.J., 1978. The Geology of the Country around Weymouth, Swanage, Corfe and Lulworth, 4th pr.. London: Geological Survey of Great Britain, HMSO.
• Davies, G.M., 1956. A Geological Guide to the Dorset Coast, 2nd ed.. London: Adam & Charles Black.
• Perkins, J.W., 1977. Geology Explained in Dorset. London: David & Charles.