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'''Mathern''' is a historic village in [[Monmouthshire]] about | '''Mathern''' is a historic village in [[Monmouthshire]] about three miles south-west of [[Chepstow]]. It is close to the Severn estuary, the [[Bristol Channel]] and the [[M48 motorway]]. The village is designated as a Conservation Area.<ref>[http://www.monmouthshire.gov.uk/udp/chapter10.html Adopted Unitary Development Plan]</ref> It is now bisected by the motorway, which passes over the road through the village, with the original village located to the south and the more recent development, known as Newton Green, to the north. | ||
==Origins of the village== | ==Origins of the village== | ||
An authoritative local history<ref name=davies>[http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/wal/MON/Matherne/index.html#Bibliography E. T. Davies, ''A history of the Parish of Mathern'', 1990]</ref> suggests that the settlement originates from a time when the St | An authoritative local history<ref name=davies>[http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/wal/MON/Matherne/index.html#Bibliography E. T. Davies, ''A history of the Parish of Mathern'', 1990]</ref> suggests that the settlement originates from a time when the St Pierre Pill, an inlet off the Severn Estuary, was larger and much more important than now, and met an ancient ridgeway which passed through [[Shirenewton]] towards [[Monmouth]]. The inlet was originally known as ''Porthiscoed'' ("harbour below the woods"), which, as [[Portskewett]], later became the name of a nearby village. | ||
Mathern was originally known as ''Merthyr-Tewdrig'' ("burial-place of Tewdrig"), after the martyrdom of St | Mathern was originally known as ''Merthyr-Tewdrig'' ("burial-place of Tewdrig"), after the martyrdom of St Tewdrig, king of [[Kingdom of Gwent|Gwent and Glywysing]]. According to the Book of Llandaff, Tewdrig (or Tewdric) was wounded at [[Tintern]] around AD 630, after fighting the invading Saxons with his son Meurig ap Tewdrig. His wounds were washed at a spring, where he died. A church was erected on the site of his burial at Mathern, and he was later revered as a martyr and saint.<ref name=kelly>[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~familyalbum/kmathern.htm Kelly's Directory for Monmouthshire, 1901]</ref><ref>[http://www.dot-domesday.me.uk/wales.htm]</ref> | ||
In his memory, Meurig gave the surrounding land, extending for several miles, to the Bishops of Llandaff. During the 12th century, the shorter name ''Mateyrn'', meaning "place of a king", came into common use for the village; Meurig's name is perpetuated in the neighbouring village of [[Pwllmeyric]].<ref name="davies"/> | In his memory, Meurig gave the surrounding land, extending for several miles, to the Bishops of Llandaff. During the 12th century, the shorter name ''Mateyrn'', meaning "place of a king", came into common use for the village; Meurig's name is perpetuated in the neighbouring village of [[Pwllmeyric]].<ref name="davies"/> | ||
==Notable buildings== | ==Notable buildings== | ||
===St Tewdric's Church=== | ===St Tewdric's Church=== | ||
[[File:St Tewdric's church and part of the graveyard, Mathern - geograph.org.uk - 1131243.jpg|thumb|St Tewdric's church]] | [[File:St Tewdric's church and part of the graveyard, Mathern - geograph.org.uk - 1131243.jpg|thumb|250px|St Tewdric's church]] | ||
The existing parish church of St | The existing parish church of St Tewdric dates largely from the late 15th century, when it was rebuilt on an earlier foundation by John Marshall, Bishop of Llandaff, in the Perpendicular architectural style [http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/69773]. However, parts dating from the 12th and 13th centuries are still visible. The church is the supposed resting place of St Tewdric; on the north wall of the chancel is a tablet installed in the 17th century by Francis Godwin, Bishop of Llandaff 1601-1617, who claimed to have found the saint's stone coffin while repairing the church. The church also possesses several monuments to Bishops of Llandaff, up to the end of the 17th century. The building was heavily restored in the 1880s.<ref name=newman>John Newman, ''The Buildings of Wales: Gwent/Monmouthshire'', 2000, ISBN 0-14-071053-1</ref> Fred Hando recounts the story told to him by an old lady who had lived in Mathern and who claimed to have seen for herself, in 1881, the stone coffin bearing the remains of St Tewdrig with his mortal wound (a hole in the skull made by a spear-point) still visible.<ref>Hando, F. J., (1958) "Out and About in Monmouthshire", R. H. Johns, Newport.</ref> The mediæval font was recovered from beneath the porch by Canon E. T. Davies in 1943. Close to the church is the ancient St Tewdric's Well, mentioned by the historian Nennius in the 8th or 9th century.<ref name="davies"/><ref>[http://www.monmouthshirecountylife.co.uk/mostpopular.var.1187480.mostviewed.spirit_of_the_community.php Spirit Of The Community (from Monmouthshire County Life)]</ref> The church is a Grade I listed building as of 19 August 1955.<ref>http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/wa-2040-church-of-st-tewdric-mathern</ref> | ||
===Mathern Palace=== | ===Mathern Palace=== | ||
The Mathern estate was traditionally given to the Bishops of Llandaff by King Meurig. It is known that, by 1333, Mathern was one of three | The Mathern estate was traditionally given to the Bishops of Llandaff by King Meurig. It is known that, by 1333, Mathern was one of three mediæval palaces belonging to Llandaff (the others being at [[Bishton]] and at Llandaff itself); and, after Owain Glyndŵr's rebellion in the early 15th century, it was the only one kept habitable. Part of the existing building is dated to 1419. In his 1882 publication, local historian Octavius Morgan provides a description of three carved stones, showing symbols of the Holy Trinity, which once formed part of a grand gateway to the palace, but by then deposited by Lord Tredegar at the museum at Caerleon, dating from the time of Bishop John de la Zouch who held the See between 1408 and 1423.<ref>Morgan, Octavius (1882), "Goldcliff and the Ancient Roman Inscribed Stone Found There 1878", Monmouthshire & Caerleon Antiquarian Association</ref> | ||
Most of the remaining buildings, however, date from the 16th century. The property fell out of use around 1700, became a farm, and was partly demolished around 1770. In 1894 the buildings were sold to architect and garden designer Henry Avray Tipping (1855–1933), who restored some of the buildings and developed a new garden in the Arts and Crafts style.<ref name="newman"/> The remains of the palace are a Grade I listed building as of 10 June 1953.<ref>http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/wa-2007-mathern-palace-mathern</ref> As of 2013, the Palace is for sale with an estimated value of £2.75M.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mathern Palace, Chepstow|url=http://content.zoopla.co.uk/a48f8a22b8ac304b764d470d75a92632e45435e6.pdf}}</ref> | Most of the remaining buildings, however, date from the 16th century. The property fell out of use around 1700, became a farm, and was partly demolished around 1770. In 1894 the buildings were sold to architect and garden designer Henry Avray Tipping (1855–1933), who restored some of the buildings and developed a new garden in the Arts and Crafts style.<ref name="newman"/> The remains of the palace are a Grade-I listed building as of 10 June 1953.<ref>http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/wa-2007-mathern-palace-mathern</ref> As of 2013, the Palace is for sale with an estimated value of £2.75M.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mathern Palace, Chepstow|url=http://content.zoopla.co.uk/a48f8a22b8ac304b764d470d75a92632e45435e6.pdf}}</ref> | ||
===Moynes Court=== | ===Moynes Court=== | ||
Moynes Court is a Grade II* listed building. An earlier building was rebuilt as a private residence by Francis Godwin, Bishop of Llandaff, in about 1609/10, and much of the building remains from that period. Its grounds contain earthworks thought to be the foundations of an earlier moated manor house. | Moynes Court is a Grade-II* listed building. An earlier building was rebuilt as a private residence by Francis Godwin, Bishop of Llandaff, in about 1609/10, and much of the building remains from that period. Its grounds contain earthworks thought to be the foundations of an earlier moated manor house. | ||
===Wyelands=== | ===Wyelands=== | ||
Wyelands is a large neoclassical villa, about one mile north of the village. It was designed by Robert Lugar and was completed around 1830. It is also a Grade II* listed building. The Vaughan-Hughes family, who occupied the house between the late 19th and mid-20th centuries, built cottages and almshouses in Mathern for their employees, some dated to 1891.<ref name="davies"/><ref name="newman">{{cite book|last=Newman|first=John|title=The Buildings of Wales: Gwent/Monmouthshire|year=2000|publisher=Penguin Books|pages=388-389|isbn=0-14-071053-1}}</ref> | Wyelands is a large neoclassical villa, about one mile north of the village. It was designed by Robert Lugar and was completed around 1830. It is also a Grade-II* listed building. The Vaughan-Hughes family, who occupied the house between the late 19th and mid-20th centuries, built cottages and almshouses in Mathern for their employees, some dated to 1891.<ref name="davies"/><ref name="newman">{{cite book|last=Newman|first=John|title=The Buildings of Wales: Gwent/Monmouthshire|year=2000|publisher=Penguin Books|pages=388-389|isbn=0-14-071053-1}}</ref> | ||
==Outside links== | ==Outside links== | ||
Latest revision as of 16:36, 28 June 2020
| Mathern Welsh: Merthyr Tewdrig | |
| Monmouthshire | |
|---|---|
 Mathern parish church | |
| Location | |
| Grid reference: | ST522912 |
| Location: | 51°37’5"N, 2°41’30"W |
| Data | |
| Post town: | Chepstow |
| Postcode: | NP16 |
| Dialling code: | 01291 |
| Local Government | |
| Council: | Monmouthshire |
| Parliamentary constituency: |
Monmouth |
Mathern is a historic village in Monmouthshire about three miles south-west of Chepstow. It is close to the Severn estuary, the Bristol Channel and the M48 motorway. The village is designated as a Conservation Area.[1] It is now bisected by the motorway, which passes over the road through the village, with the original village located to the south and the more recent development, known as Newton Green, to the north.
Origins of the village
An authoritative local history[2] suggests that the settlement originates from a time when the St Pierre Pill, an inlet off the Severn Estuary, was larger and much more important than now, and met an ancient ridgeway which passed through Shirenewton towards Monmouth. The inlet was originally known as Porthiscoed ("harbour below the woods"), which, as Portskewett, later became the name of a nearby village.
Mathern was originally known as Merthyr-Tewdrig ("burial-place of Tewdrig"), after the martyrdom of St Tewdrig, king of Gwent and Glywysing. According to the Book of Llandaff, Tewdrig (or Tewdric) was wounded at Tintern around AD 630, after fighting the invading Saxons with his son Meurig ap Tewdrig. His wounds were washed at a spring, where he died. A church was erected on the site of his burial at Mathern, and he was later revered as a martyr and saint.[3][4] In his memory, Meurig gave the surrounding land, extending for several miles, to the Bishops of Llandaff. During the 12th century, the shorter name Mateyrn, meaning "place of a king", came into common use for the village; Meurig's name is perpetuated in the neighbouring village of Pwllmeyric.[2]
Notable buildings
St Tewdric's Church
The existing parish church of St Tewdric dates largely from the late 15th century, when it was rebuilt on an earlier foundation by John Marshall, Bishop of Llandaff, in the Perpendicular architectural style [2]. However, parts dating from the 12th and 13th centuries are still visible. The church is the supposed resting place of St Tewdric; on the north wall of the chancel is a tablet installed in the 17th century by Francis Godwin, Bishop of Llandaff 1601-1617, who claimed to have found the saint's stone coffin while repairing the church. The church also possesses several monuments to Bishops of Llandaff, up to the end of the 17th century. The building was heavily restored in the 1880s.[5] Fred Hando recounts the story told to him by an old lady who had lived in Mathern and who claimed to have seen for herself, in 1881, the stone coffin bearing the remains of St Tewdrig with his mortal wound (a hole in the skull made by a spear-point) still visible.[6] The mediæval font was recovered from beneath the porch by Canon E. T. Davies in 1943. Close to the church is the ancient St Tewdric's Well, mentioned by the historian Nennius in the 8th or 9th century.[2][7] The church is a Grade I listed building as of 19 August 1955.[8]
Mathern Palace
The Mathern estate was traditionally given to the Bishops of Llandaff by King Meurig. It is known that, by 1333, Mathern was one of three mediæval palaces belonging to Llandaff (the others being at Bishton and at Llandaff itself); and, after Owain Glyndŵr's rebellion in the early 15th century, it was the only one kept habitable. Part of the existing building is dated to 1419. In his 1882 publication, local historian Octavius Morgan provides a description of three carved stones, showing symbols of the Holy Trinity, which once formed part of a grand gateway to the palace, but by then deposited by Lord Tredegar at the museum at Caerleon, dating from the time of Bishop John de la Zouch who held the See between 1408 and 1423.[9] Most of the remaining buildings, however, date from the 16th century. The property fell out of use around 1700, became a farm, and was partly demolished around 1770. In 1894 the buildings were sold to architect and garden designer Henry Avray Tipping (1855–1933), who restored some of the buildings and developed a new garden in the Arts and Crafts style.[5] The remains of the palace are a Grade-I listed building as of 10 June 1953.[10] As of 2013, the Palace is for sale with an estimated value of £2.75M.[11]
Moynes Court
Moynes Court is a Grade-II* listed building. An earlier building was rebuilt as a private residence by Francis Godwin, Bishop of Llandaff, in about 1609/10, and much of the building remains from that period. Its grounds contain earthworks thought to be the foundations of an earlier moated manor house.
Wyelands
Wyelands is a large neoclassical villa, about one mile north of the village. It was designed by Robert Lugar and was completed around 1830. It is also a Grade-II* listed building. The Vaughan-Hughes family, who occupied the house between the late 19th and mid-20th centuries, built cottages and almshouses in Mathern for their employees, some dated to 1891.[2][5]
Outside links
References
- ↑ Adopted Unitary Development Plan
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 E. T. Davies, A history of the Parish of Mathern, 1990
- ↑ Kelly's Directory for Monmouthshire, 1901
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 John Newman, The Buildings of Wales: Gwent/Monmouthshire, 2000, ISBN 0-14-071053-1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "newman" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Hando, F. J., (1958) "Out and About in Monmouthshire", R. H. Johns, Newport.
- ↑ Spirit Of The Community (from Monmouthshire County Life)
- ↑ http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/wa-2040-church-of-st-tewdric-mathern
- ↑ Morgan, Octavius (1882), "Goldcliff and the Ancient Roman Inscribed Stone Found There 1878", Monmouthshire & Caerleon Antiquarian Association
- ↑ http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/wa-2007-mathern-palace-mathern
- ↑ "Mathern Palace, Chepstow". http://content.zoopla.co.uk/a48f8a22b8ac304b764d470d75a92632e45435e6.pdf.
- C.J.O.Evans, Monmouthshire:Its History and Topography