Whiteleaf Hill
| Whiteleaf Hill | |||
| Buckinghamshire | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 The Whiteleaf Cross | |||
| Range: | Chilterns | ||
| SP821039 51°43’43"N, -0°48’42"W | |||
Whiteleaf Hill is part of the escarpment of the Chilterns, rising above the little village of Whiteleaf, in Buckinghamshire. It is not the greatest hill in the Chilterns, but contains two points of particular interest: the Whiteleaf Cross and a Neolithic barrow.
The Whiteleaf Cross
Whiteleaf Cross is a cross-shaped chalk hill carving, with a triangular base, at Whiteleaf, Buckinghamshire.
The cross is carved prominently into the chalk face of Whiteleaf Hill, above the road to the east of Whiteleaf village. The name of the village is first found in the form White Cliff in the eighteenth century, referring to the white chalk cliff.[1] The cliff is probably a natural formation, older than the cross.
The date and origin of the cross are unknown. It was mentioned as an antiquity by Francis Wise in 1742, but no earlier reference has been found. The cross is not mentioned in any description of the area before 1700[2][3]
The Act for enclosing the common lands in the Parish, completed on 23 September 1839, specifically required that:
in order to preserve within the parish of Monks Risborough the ancient memorial or land mark there called White Cliffe Cross
- the Commissioners were to allot to the Lord of the Manor the cross itself and:
so much of the land immediately surrounding it as shall in the judgment of the Commissioners be necessary and sufficient for rendering the same conspicuous
and that it should not be planted or enclosed and should for ever thereafter remain open. The Lord of the Manor was to be responsible to renew and repair it. In the event the Commissioners allotted 7 acres of land for this purpose.[4]
Early references
Various books published in and since the 18th century have speculated on the origin of the cross, but without any supporting evidence.[5] Theories included a Saxon celebration of a victory over the Danes, a phallic symbol later Christianised, a direction sign for a (non-existent) mediæval monastery, soldiers in the Civil War amusing themselves when they had nothing better to do, and a seventeenth-century alternative to a village cross.
The cross was depicted in paintings by Paul Nash.[6] One, from 1922, is in the collection of the British Council,[6] another, from 1931,[7] is in the Whitworth Art Gallery in Manchester.[6][7]
In addition to the cross, there is a neolithic barrow on Whiteleaf Hill, which is near the top of the cross but very unlikely to have any connection with it.
The cross is protected by the county as part of the 27-acre Whiteleaf Hill Nature Reserve.
Outside links
- Whiteleaf Hill Nature Reserve - Buckinghamshire County Council
References
- ↑ Mawer, A. and Stenton, F.M: The Place Names of Buckinghamshire (Cambridge, 1925)
- ↑ Hey, Gill; Dennis, Caroline. and Mayes Andrew (2007). "Archaeological Investigations on Whiteleaf Hill, Princes Risborough, Buckinghamshire, 2002-6". Records of Buckinghamshire (Aylesbury: Buckinghamshire Archaeological Society) 47 (part 2): 1–80.
- ↑ Pevsner & Williamson: The Buildings of England. Buckinghamshire (2nd edition) p.607 (under Princes Risborough)
- ↑ Inclosure Award (in custody of the County archivist at the Buckinhamshire County Hall, Aylesbury)
- ↑ Most books on Buckinghamshire contain speculation on or discussion of the history of the cross. See for instance: Francis Wise (1742) (commemorating victory over Danes); Cooke's Topographical Library: The British Travellers Guide (1820) p.130 (various opinions); J J Sheahan: History & Topography of Buckinghamshire (1862) p.184 (memorial of the property of Christ Church, Canterbury, not a victory trophy); P H Ditchfield: Memorials of Old Buckinghamshire (1901) p.5 (victory over Danes); Clement Slater: Highways & Byways in Buckinghamshire (1910) p.140 (Civil war soldiers); Maxwell Fraser: Companion into Buckinghamshire (1950) p.112 (17th century or great antiquity); Alison Utley: Buckinghamshire (1950) p.196 (discussion); Bruce Watkin: Shell Guide to Buckinghamshire (date?) (probably ancient origin); John Camp: Portrait of Buckinghamshire (1972) p.124 (landmark or made by monks from Missenden simply for glory of God). But see now Hey, Gill et al. in the 2007 article in Records of Buckinghamshire, vol 47 part 2, cited above.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Art Collection". British Council. http://collection.britishcouncil.org/collection/artist/18875/18421/object/45777. Retrieved 23 December 2011.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Object Display". The University of Manchester. http://www.whitworth.manchester.ac.uk/collection/advsearch/objdisp/?irn=4621&QueryPage=%2Fcollection%2Fadvsearch%2Fresults%2F&QueryName=BasicQuery&QueryTerms=Whiteleaf+Cross&StartAt=1&QueryOption=all&all=SummaryData%7CAdmWebMetadata&Submit=Search. Retrieved 23 December 2011.