Thornhaugh

Thornhaugh
Northamptonshire
Sacrewell Watermill, Thornhaugh
Location
Grid reference:	TF067005
Location:	52°35’32"N, 0°25’32"W
Data
Population:	182
Post town:	Peterborough
Postcode:	PE8
Local Government
Council:	Peterborough
Parliamentary constituency:	North West Cambridgeshire

Thornhaugh is a village in the Soke of Peterborough in Northamptonshire.

The name 'Thornhaugh' is derived from Old English þorn haga, which means 'thorn hedge'. There is evidence of a settlement here as far back as the 12th century, but probably has earlier origins.

Although the village of Thornhaugh itself is quite small, the parish is one of the largest in the Soke, at 1,096 acres. The parish is crossed by the A1 and A47 roads.

The village was declared a conservation area in 1979. The road that runs through the village is Russell Hill, named after William Russell, 1st Baron Russell of Thornhaugh who lived here; he was the younger son of Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford (and father of the later Earls and Dukes of Bedford) and he began the drainage schemes which were later to transform the Soke of Peterborough and surrounding fens.

Parish church

Church of St Andrew

St Andrew's Church dates from the 12th century, although much restored in the 19th century; it is a Grade I listed building.

History

There is significant confirmation of Roman industrial occupation within Thornhaugh Woods (now known as the Bedford Purlieus), with many iron ore extraction pits and evidence of a bath house. It was featured on Series 17 of television’s Time Team in 2011.

Up to the mid-1600s the Bedford Purlieus were known as Thornhaugh Woods or The High Wood of Thornhaw. The name changed when the Dukes of Bedford took ownership.

During the Second World War, Bedford Purlieus was used as part of RAF Kings Cliffe for airmen’s living accommodation which were dispersed around the woods to reduce the risk of being hit in the event of an air raid. Various foundations still remain. Buildings within Leedsgate Farm (private property) included the theatre, gym and chapel for the airbase.

At Sacrewell, some sort of mill probably existed since the Roman occupation. Excavations have found two Roman villas, a corn drier and storage building - an ideal site being adjacent to Ermine Street and next to a spring. Three mills in the area were mentioned in the Domesday book, and it is likely that Sacrewell was one of them. A new watermill, mill house and farm were completed in 1755 and was originally called Curtis’s farm after William Curtis who died in 1779.

William Scott Abbott became a tenant at Sacrewell Farm during the First World War and expanded the farm operations. After his death his widow Mary carried on following her husband’s dream. Her nephew David Powell took over the management of the farm in 1959 and in 1964 Mary founded The William Scott Abbott Trust. The vision was to provide an agricultural education for all and the educational values they promoted are still very much alive. The watermill remained a working mill until 1965, when it was no longer profitable, however, it has now been fully restored as a heritage working mill; a centre of milling excellence and an educational tool with a £1.4 million Heritage Lottery Fund grant. Sacrewell visitor centre was opened to the public in 1981 and the farm and watermill are now successful visitor attractions.

About the village

The village sign commemorates the first Baron Russell of Thornhaugh.

There is a significant hamlet (Home Farm, Leicester Road, Thornhaugh) with a dozen houses about one mile west of the main village just off the A47 road, consisting of an old hunting lodge (now two houses) and associated farm buildings (all now residential).

The Sacrewell Farm and Country Centre is in the parish, to the east of the A1. Sacrewell is named after a "Sacred Well" in Sacrewell field near Sacrewell Lodge.

Russell Hill

Within the parish of Thornhaugh is the Bedford Purlieus National Nature Reserve, a historic woodland of 520 acres and part of what was the ancient Royal Forest of Rockingham. English Nature declared the wood a National Nature Reserve in 2000, in recognition of its importance as a species-rich semi-natural native woodland. This was the original Thronhaugh Woods; reneamed when it came into the ownership of the Dukes of Bedford.

The wood is the most ecologically diverse wood in Britain and home to more plant and insect species than most other woods in this country. Muntjac and fallow deer are found on the reserve, and bird life includes nightingale, red kite, sparrowhawk, kestrel, little owl, tawny owl and long-eared owl. Reptiles at the site include adders, grass snakes, common lizards and slow worms. Bedford Purlieus is managed by English Nature and Forest Enterprise in partnership and is open to the public during daylight hours.

Outside links

("Wikimedia Commons" has material about Thornhaugh)

• Thornhaugh history