Seaton Sluice
| Seaton Sluice | |
| Northumberland | |
|---|---|
 Seaton Sluice Harbour | |
| Location | |
| Grid reference: | NZ3477 |
| Location: | 55°4’57"N, 1°28’40"W |
| Data | |
| Population: | 3,081 |
| Post town: | Whitley Bay |
| Postcode: | NE26 |
| Dialling code: | 0191 |
| Local Government | |
| Council: | Northumberland |
| Parliamentary constituency: |
Blyth Valley |
Seaton Sluice is a village in Northumberland, on the coast at the mouth of the Seaton Burn, midway between Whitley Bay and Blyth. It is half a mile north of the village of Hartley, from which it grew.
Seaton Sluice has a population of about 3,000 people.
Early history
The village was once part of Hartley and was called Hartley Pans, because of the salt-pans that were used to make salt there from as far back as 1236. Hartley parish stretched from the Brier Dene Burn (in present-day Whitley Bay) to the Seaton Burn, which belonged to Tynemouth Priory. In 1100 the land became the property of the Hubert de Laval, nephew by marriage to William the Conqueror. The de Lavals (or Delavals) settled about half a mile inland from Hartley Pans and their place of residence became Seaton Delaval: the name 'Seaton' is from the Old English Sætun, simply meaning a village by the sea.
Harbour improvements
Prior to 1550 the salt produced at Hartley Pans had been transported to Blyth to be exported, but after this date it was shipped directly from the small, natural harbour. The village henceforth became known as Hartley Haven, and was used for the export of coal as well as salt. However the harbour was prone to silting, which limited access by ships. This problem was tackled by Sir Ralph Delaval (1622–1691), who had a pier constructed, and sluice gates that trapped the seawater at each high tide. At low tide the gates were opened, flushing the sand out of the harbour. Henceforth the village became known as Seaton Sluice.
The harbour remained like this until the 1760s, when Sir John Humphry Delaval had a new entrance made for the harbour by blasting a channel through solid rock, providing what was known as 'The Cut', 54 feet deep, 30 feet wide and 900 feet long. The new channel was opened in 1763 and, as a result, the land between the old harbour entrance and the new channel became an island, known as 'Rocky Island'. The new channel could be sealed off at both ends to allow loading to continue no matter what the state of the tide. On the other side of the old channel, opposite Rocky Island, was a ballast hill known as Sandy Island, built up from the ballast of ships entering the harbour. The ballast hill can still be seen.
The new entrance proved to be a success, and in 1777, 177 ships sailed out of the harbour carrying 48,000 tons of coal. The coal was brought to the harbour from nearby collieries by wagonways, with coal wagons being drawn by horses. Salt continued to be exported from Seaton Sluice until 1798, when a new salt tax put an end to the trade.
The bottleworks
In 1763 Sir Francis Blake Delaval (1727–1771) obtained Parliamentary approval to develop 10 hectares of land at Seaton Sluice as glassworks. The works was known as 'The Royal Hartley Bottleworks'. Sir Francis needed skilled glassmakers, and his brother Tom Delaval brought skilled men from Neinberg, in Germany, to train the local men in glassmaking. The works used local materials: sea sand, sea kelp, clay from the links and local coal. The glassworks expanded with time and eventually had six large cone-shaped furnaces which dominated the skyline; they were given the names: Gallagan, Bias, Charlotte, Hartley, Waterford and Success. The three larger cones were 130 feet tall. In 1777 production reached 1,740,000 bottles a year. Bottles were sent down to the harbour by way of narrow gauge railways running through tunnels. The tunnels were used as air-raid shelters during the Second World War.
The bottles were carried to London on 'bottle sloops', slightly smaller than collier brigs, about 50 feet long. A distinctive feature was that the main mast could be lowered, allowing them to pass under the arches of old London Bridge. A bottle sloop would make one round trip to London per month, as did the collier brigs. Bottles were also exported to Europe.
The bottleworks were so large that they contained a market place, a brewery, a granary, a brickyard, a chapel, shops, public houses and a quarry. The workers lived in stone-built houses in several streets around the bottleworks. In 1768 a shipyard was established. Unfortunately, competition from other glass-making centres led to a decline in orders and the bottleworks closed in 1872. The last bottles to leave were on the 'Unity of Boston', bound for the Channel Islands. A few years later, in 1896, the cone-shaped furnaces were demolished and replaced by houses. Nowadays there is hardly any trace of the original bottleworks.
Decline of the coal trade
Even with the harbour improvements made by the Delaval family, the harbour was still limited in the size of ships that it could handle. Meanwhile, competing ports such as Blyth, to the north, and the Tyne to the south spent money improving the dock facilities. The new Northumberland Dock on the Tyne was completed in 1857. Seaton Sluice found it difficult to compete with these larger facilities.
A further blow to the coal trade from Seaton Sluice was the Hartley pit disaster that occurred in 1862 at the village of New Hartley, about two miles west of Seaton Sluice, at the Hester Pit, which was the main source of local coal. The beam of the pumping engine fir Hester broke and fell down the only mineshaft, blocking it and trapping the miners underground. In all, 204 men and boys perished, in some cases several from the same family. The disaster led to the legal requirement in future mines, that there should always be two shafts. The loss of production from the Hester pit spelled the end of the coal trade from Seaton Sluice, and it became a quiet backwater.
An attempt in the early part of the 20th century to develop the village as a tourist resort failed as a railway line, intended to lead north up the coast from Whitley Bay, was partly constructed but then abandoned as the First World War intervened. The remains of railway bridges and embankments can still be seen to the west of St Mary's Island.
Seaton Delaval Hall
The Delavals settled at Seaton Delaval, inland from Seaton Sluice. There was already an Anglo-Saxon church there and the Delavals built a fortified house near it. In 1100 Hubert de la Val rebuilt the Saxon church as the present Church of St Mary on the same spot. The fortified house was gradually expanded during Tudor and Jacobean times to become an extensive manor house. In the early 18th century the manor house was replaced by the present Seaton Delaval Hall, designed by architect Sir John Vanbrugh. The hall was devastated by fire in 1822 but was partially restored.
About the village
Seaton Sluice contains the following public houses:
- The Kings Arms is the oldest pub in the village, built in the mid-eighteenth century as the overseer’s house. It stands beside the bridge leading to Rocky Island.
- The Waterford Arms above the quay is named in honour of Susanna, Marchioness of Waterford, granddaughter to Lord Delaval who inherited the estate in 1822. The pub occupies the site of the brewery that supplied beer to the ships, as well as to the glassworkers at the bottleworks.
- The Melton Constable, built in 1839, is on the north side of the burn. It was named in honour of the Astley family of Melton Constable in Norfolk, who inherited the Delaval estates in 1814.
- The Delaval Arms is at the south end of Hartley.
- The Astley Arms is at the north end of Seaton Sluice.
There is also Seaton Sluice Working Men's Club near the Waterford Arms.
The Octagon, is a small castellated building to the east of the Waterford Arms. It was built sometime before 1750 as the Harbour Office. It is claimed that it was designed by Sir John Vanbrugh. It is now a private dwelling.
Seaton Delaval Hall is on the outskirts of Seaton Sluice, on the road to Seaton Delaval. The hall was built by Sir John Vanbrugh between 1718 and 1729, for Admiral George Delaval and is now a Grade I listed building owned by the National Trust.
Holywell Dene is a tree-lined valley through which the Seaton Burn flows to Seaton Sluice. The valley contains paths running alongside the burn and is maintained by the group 'Friends of Holywell Dene'.
There is a folly on the north bank of the dene known as 'Starlight Castle'. This was built by Sir Francis Delaval in 1750 after accepting a bet that he could build a home for a lady friend in a day.
North of the harbour mouth, past Sandy Island, are Blyth Sands, a wide, sandy beach, backed by sand dunes, stretching all the way to Blyth Harbour.
Outside links
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("Wikimedia Commons" has material about Seaton Sluice) |
References
- Dobson, H.G. (2005) From Tynemouth to the Tweed, H.G. Dobson, ISBN 0-9531840-6-4
- Anderson, D.J. (1997) Hartley to Seaton Sluice, Seaton Design Group, ISBN –
- Barrow, Tony (1992) "Walks Around the Old Coal Ports of Northumberland", Northumberland County Library, ISBN 1-874020-06-X
- Allan, Tom (1992) "Seaton Sluice and Old Hartley, a history in photographs", Northumberland County Library, ISBN 1-874020-03-5