Laxton, Nottinghamshire
| Laxton | |
| Nottinghamshire | |
|---|---|
| |
| Location | |
| Grid reference: | SK717673 |
| Location: | 53°11’46"N, -0°55’12"W |
| Data | |
| Population: | 449 (2011) |
| Post town: | Newark |
| Postcode: | NG22 |
| Local Government | |
| Council: | Newark and Sherwood |
| Parliamentary constituency: |
Newark |
Laxton is a small village in Nottinghamshire, standing some 25 miles north-east of Nottingham city centre. It has a hamlet two miles off, Moorhouse, which used to be known as 'Laxton Morehouse'.
This is a small place: the population of the wide civil parish including Moorhouse, Ompton and Ossington was recoded at the 2011 Census as 489.
Laxton is best known for having the last remaining working open field system in the United Kingdom.
The name of the village is recorded first in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Laxintone, and may come from Old English Leaxingatun, meaning the 'farmstead or estate of the people of Leaxa'; Leaxa being an otherwise unknown landowner or forebear.
The parish church, St Michael the Archangel, mostly dates back to the 12th century.
About the village
The village has the remains of a Norman motte and bailey castle (Laxton Castle). In addition, there are the remnants of a substantial system of fish-ponds, presumed to have belonged to the castle or to the manor house built later on the site of it, two mediæval mill mounds, and ridge-and-furrow earthworks.
The earliest building in Laxton is its mediæval parish church, and the next a farmhouse dating from 1703. Most of the village's architecture sits firmly in the local vernacular tradition, with nearly a fifth of the buildings dating from the 18th century, and around 40% from each of the 19th and 20th centuries.
The village also contains the Beth Shalom Holocaust Centre.
Open fields
Laxton parish today has much conventionally farmed land but retains also a significant part of the mediæval open field system. Fields, divided into strips, are farmed in common among the landowners of the village.[1] Today, there are three open fields remaining; the Mill Field, the South Field and the West Field.
A 1635 survey of the parish carried out by Mark Pierce (still extant and held in the Bodleian Library) shows that these three fields were in use at that date, but that they were significantly larger than their current size. There was also a fourth field, the East Field, which was considerably smaller than the others, and farmed as part of the West Field.[2] This was fully enclosed, and today is a number of small fields.
'Laxton Fields' has been designated a target area for Higher Level Stewardship by Natural England to promote conservation of the historic landscape and biodiversity.
Laxton is unique because the open field system is still alive and in daily use. The strips within the fields have changed significantly, with changes in technology. Originally, a single strip would have represented approximately a single day of ploughing; such a strip today would be far too small to be really practical for a tractor-drawn plough. Instead, over time, strips have been consolidated to provide workable parcels of land; the result today is that the average strip size has increased significantly over those of the Middle Ages. However, the practical aspects of open field farming are still very much what they would have been 500 years ago.
Although the village is now recognised as an important heritage site, it is home to working farmers, who rely on the land for their income. While modern expectations and needs mean that all the farmers own land outside the open fields, the open fields are not part of a museum or showcase but a living part of the agricultural landscape. The system is protected today by a Parliamentary undertaking given by the Crown Estate Commissioners on their 1981 purchase of the Laxton estate and by a Countryside Stewardship agreement held between the Court Leet and the then-Countryside Commission. The sykes, four areas of grassland, are also protected as Sites of Special Scientific Interest.
Laxton's strip fields were depicted on a postage stamp designed by David Tress that was issued in 1999 by the Royal Mail as part of their Millennium stamp series; the stamp also doubled as Royal Mail's contribution to that year's Europa postage stamp issue with the theme of 'Parks and Reserves'.
Moorhouse
Moorhouse is a hamlet two miles east of Laxton, but within the wider parish area, and which was previously known as Laxton Morehouse,[3] The hamlet is a scattering of farms, farmhouses and cottages, grouped around three lanes meeting by a single junction: Green Lane, Moorhouse Lane, and Ossington Lane. It maintains a notable Grade II* Anglican chapel.
Beth Shalom
- Main article: Beth Shalom Holocaust Centre
The Beth Shalom Holocaust Centre opened in September 1995, as the first venue in Britain dedicated to the memory and study of the Holocaust as its primary purpose.
The venue is based around an old farmhouse (SK700670) which has a purpose-built exhibition centre with lecture theatre, and a Memorial Garden. A feature of the garden is a black stone on which are inscribed the names of the Nazi death camps.
The vision for the centre came when James and Stephen Smith visited Israel with their parents. Some time later, on another visit, they saw Yad Vashem, and were inspired to build a memorial in Britain.
The centre is also home to the Aegis Trust, an all-party group working for genocide prevention. One of their interests is in Kigali, Rwanda.
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Holocaust Memorial at Beth Shalom, Laxton -
Holocaust Memorial Garden at Beth Shalom
In the media
The village was featured in an episode of Terry Jones' Mediæval Lives, which recorded part of the proceedings of the yearly court leet.
Outside links
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("Wikimedia Commons" has material about Laxton, Nottinghamshire) |
- Laxton Village Survey report by Trent & Peak Archæological Trust
- Laxton's fields on a 19p Royal Mail stamp
- Laxton History Group
- Laxton Visitor Centre
- Stuart Rose – Laxton farmer
- Site for the Open Field parish magazine
- University of Nottingham Manuscripts and Special Collections learning resource, 'Laxton: Living in an Open Field Village', presenting documents relating to aspects of the history of Laxton, 1635–1908
- Beth Shalom and Aegis Trust
- The 'Laxton Map' at the Bodleian Library, MS. C17:48(9)
References
- ↑ Beckett, J.V. (1989) A history of Laxton : England's last open-field village, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, ISBN 0-631-15972-X
- ↑ Orwin, C.S. and Orwin, C.S. (1938) The open fields, Oxford : Clarendon Press, 332 p.
- ↑ Laxton and Morehouse in Thoroton's Antiquities of Nottinghamshire