Glanaman
| Glanamman | |
| Carmarthenshire | |
|---|---|
 Bethania Calvinistic Methodist Chapel | |
| Location | |
| Grid reference: | SN675134 |
| Location: | 51°48’22"N, 3°55’23"W |
| Data | |
| Population: | 2,261 (2001) |
| Post town: | Ammanford |
| Postcode: | SA18 |
| Dialling code: | 01269 |
| Local Government | |
| Council: | Carmarthenshire |
| Parliamentary constituency: |
Carmarthen East and Dinefwr |
Glanamman is a mining town in the valley of the River Amman in Carmarthenshire. Glanamman has long been a stronghold of the Welsh language; village life is very largely conducted in Welsh. Like the neighbouring town of Garnant it experienced a coal-mining boom in the 19th and early 20th centuries, but the last big colliery closed in 1947 and coal has been extracted fitfully since then.
The town is about 13 miles north of Swansea on the edge of the Black Mountain, in the westernmost part of the Brecon Beacons National Park. The River Amman flows through the town. Glanamman lies in the western part of the South Wales Coalfield, where the coal is particularly high-quality anthracite.
Contents
History
The location of Garnant and Glanamman was known as Cwmamman ("Amman valley") before coal was discovered; until the 18th century it was a remote wilderness with just a few farms and rough mountain roads. Mining appears to have started at Brynlloi in 1757[1] and small coal workings proliferated in the first half of the 19th century. The arrival of the railway in 1840 meant that coal could be exported on an industrial scale through Llanelli docks, and the construction of two stations at Glanamman and Garnant promoted a distinction between the two communities.
Taking its name from the emblem of the Dynevor family, the "Raven" colliery in Garnant was operating by 1854. In 1891, the Gelliceidrim Collieries Company opened what became the largest of the coal mines at Glanaman, employing 632 men in 1932.[1] "The Gelly" was nationalised in 1947 and closed in 1957. Since then the area has seen some small private mines come and go, such as a drift mine on Grenig Road in the 1970s.[1]
People
The effect of the mining boom can be seen in the expansion of Cwmamman parish (including Garnant and surrounding villages) from just over 3,000 in 1951 to over 11,000 in the early 20th century. The population had declined to 2,261 people at the 2001 census; Garnant is a similar size. Glanaman is a stronghold of the Welsh language, with 81% of the population able to speak it.
Economy
Traditionally the economy was based on coal-mining with some dairy farming, but the mines have closed and farms such as Gelli Fanwen have moved from milk production to beef-farming. The Raven Tinplate Works (sometimes confused with the Amman Tinplate Works in Garnant) were built on the site of the Cwmamman Brickworks in 1881. They operated until the early 1930s and were demolished after Second World War; the site is now a council depot near the station.
Landmarks
The valley has been shaped by coal workings and their waste, but little remains above ground. Brynseion Chapel's location at the corner of the High Street and the main road marks the centre of the town,[2] but both it and Saint Margaret's Church (see below) are now closed.
Transport
A turnpike road (now the A474) was built along the valley in 1817. The Llanelly Railway and Dock Company built the Llanelly Railway to Garnant in 1840. It was taken over by the GWR on amalgamation in 1923, and closed to passenger services by British Railways on 18 August 1958. Freight traffic continued until the closure of the Abernant Colliery in 1988. The Amman Valley Railway Society are seeking to restore the Abernant branch line as part of the Swansea 9 Lines project.
Churches
The valleys have long been hotbeds of Nonconformism and Glanamman was no exception. Old Bethel Chapel, also known as The Old Meeting House, was built in 1773 high on the north side of the valley between Glanamman and Garnant. The Tabernacle Calvinistic Methodist Chapel and the Bethesda Baptist Chapel followed in 1840 and 1882 respectively.[2] The prosperity at the turn of the 20th century can be seen in the ornate facade of the Bethania Calvinistic Methodist Chapel (1906-7) on Brynlloi Road and in the large Gothic-tinged Brynseion Independent Chapel (1909-10) nearby; Brynseion closed in 2004.[2] Ammanford, a few miles down the valley, was a centre of the 1904–1905 Revival which saw thousands of new converts.
Anglicans worshipped at Christchurch in nearby Garnant during the 19th century but as with the Methodists they were prompted by the Revival to found a church in Glanamman itself. Saint Margaret's Church started in what is now the church hall, a corrugated iron building on Tirycoed Road, dedicated in 1907. The foundation stone of a new building was laid on 22 April 1933 and the church was dedicated on 1 November by the Lord Bishop of St Davids. A lack of funds for essential repairs meant that the last regular service took place on Christmas Day 2008, but it is hoped to use the church for special services in future.[3]
Sport
Garnant Park (formerly Cwmamman Recreation Ground) was part of Lord Dynevor's Glanrafon Farm estate just east of Glanamman.[4] It is home to Amman United RFC which was founded in 1903 and is a feeder club for the Scarlets regional team.[5] Players who have gone on to rugby at international level include Claude Davey, Tom Day and Trevor Evans of the British Lions.
Rugby international Shane Williams has bought an industrial unit in Station Road which he plans to convert into the Amman Valley Centre, a CrossFit-franchised gym with bike hire and other facilities.[6]
See also
- Garnant - neighbouring village which shares much of Glanamman's history
Outside links
 |
("Wikimedia Commons" has material about Glanaman) |
- Cwmamman History - this local history website has lots of photos of the area
- Rick O'Shea visits Shane Williams's home club - TV segment showing the rugby ground and the town
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Coal Mining at Cwmamman". Dave Michael. http://www.cwmammanhistory.co.uk/Amman_Valley_History/pages/Coal_Mining_at_Cwmamman.html.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Lloyd, Thomas; Orbach, Julian; Scourfield, Robert (2006). Carmarthenshire And Ceredigion, Pevsner Architectural Guides Volume 6 of The Buildings of Wales. Yale University Press. p. 198. ISBN 9780300101799. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=wEkcJb2lHx8C&pg=PA198.
- ↑ "The Opening of Saint Margaret's Church, Glanamman". Dave Michael. http://www.cwmammanhistory.co.uk/Amman_Valley_History/pages/St_Margaret's_Church_Glanamman.htm.
- ↑ "Parc Golwg yr Aman and Cwmamman Recreational Ground". Dave Michael. http://www.cwmammanhistory.co.uk/Amman_Valley_History/pages/Parc_Golwg_yr_Aman.html.
- ↑ "The Scarlets : Regional Club Directory". Scarlets. 2009. http://www.scarlets.co.uk/eng/rugby/clubdirectory.php. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
- ↑ "Rugby ace Shane Williams opens health and fitness centre in Glanaman". South Wales Guardian. 7 July 2012. http://www.southwalesguardian.co.uk/news/9795063.Rugby_ace_Shane_Williams_opens_health_and_fitness_centre_in_Glanaman/.
