Dunoon Castle
| Dunoon Castle | |
|
Argyllshire | |
|---|---|
 Castle Hill, Dunoon | |
| Location | |
| Grid reference: | NS04069110 |
| Location: | 55°56’44"N, 4°55’26"W |
| Town: | Dunoon |
| History | |
| Information | |
| Condition: | Ruined |
Dunoon Castle is a ruined castle at Dunoon on the Cowal peninsula of Argyllshire. The castle stood upon a cone-shaped hill of about 80 feet high, a volcanic plug. Very little remains of the castle's structure today.
The castle was a royal residence in the 14th century, and in the 17th century fell into ruin.[1]
The remains of the castle, and a surrounding area, are a scheduled ancient monument.[2] Castle House, built in 1822, stands a few yards north of the castle ruins.[3]
13th–15th century
The castle is first recorded in the thirteenth century.[4] It may have been constructed in the context of the increasing authority of the House of Stewart in Cowal.[5]
In 1333 Dunoon Castle was besieged and taken by Edward Balliol, who surrendered it to Edward III of England.[6] An insurrection ensued, driving Baliol out of Scotland. Robert the Steward, later King Robert II of Scotland, arrived in Cowal and, with the help of Colin Campbell of Lochow, retook the castle.[7]
King James III undertook to repay his Master of Household, Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll for repairs to the castle in 1468, and made him keeper of the castle in 1472.[8] By the 15th century it was a royal castle with the Campbells as hereditary keepers.[4]
16th century
In 1544 during the Rough Wooing, Dunoon Castle was besieged by Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox. Having eighteen ships and 800 soldiers provided by King Henry VIII of England, Lennox succeeded in taking the Castles of Dunoon and Rothesay. Archibald Campbell, 4th Earl of Argyll, was driven out, sustaining great loss.[9]
In 1563, Mary, Queen of Scots, stayed at the castle while visiting her half-sister, Jean Stewart, Countess of Argyll, and granted several charters during her visit.[10] Mary's rebels met up at Dunoon during the Chaseabout Raid. Her brother the Earl of Moray's faction in Argyll included the Duke of Châtelherault, and the Earls of Argyll and Rothes. They left for Ayrshire on 18 August 1565.[11]
17th century
In 1646 occurred the Dunoon massacre in which the Campbells slaughtered men, women, children, and infants of Clan Lamont.[12] After the restoration of the episcopacy under Charles II, Dunoon became the residence of the bishops of Argyll for a time.[13]
The castle was destroyed during the Earl of Argyll's rebellion against James VII and II in 1685.
20th century
During First World War and Second World War|II, military fortifications were established at Dunoon Castle for the defence of the River Clyde and the shipbuilding industry.[14]
Outside links
- Dunoon Castle on Visit Scotland
- Gaelic place names of Scotland
References
- ↑ CANMORE (RCAHMS) record of Dunoon Castle
- ↑ Dunoon Castle - scheduled monument detail (Historic Environment Scotland)
- ↑ Castle House, Castle Gardens (Category B) - Listing detail (Historic Environment Scotland)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Atkinson, JA; Photos-Jones, E; Roberts, J; Rutherford, A; Smith, C (2000). "Excavation of 10th-Century Burials at Chapelhall, Innellan, Argyll, 1994". Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 130: 651–676. SSN 0081-1564. http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_130/130_651_676.pdf..
- ↑ Dawson, JEA (1995). "Argyll: The Enduring Heartland". Scottish Historical Review 74 (1): 75–98. doi:10.3366/shr.1995.74.1.75. SSN 0036-9241. https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/11822374/Argyll_The_Enduring_Heartland.pdf., page 90.
- ↑ Macdonald, Hugh (1878). Days at the coast : a series of sketches descriptive of the Firth of Clyde, its watering places, its scenery, and its associations. Glasgow: Dunn. p. 349. https://archive.org/stream/daysatcoastserie00macd#page/348/mode/2up. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
- ↑ Colegate, John (1868). Colegate's Guide to Dunoon, Kirn, and Hunter's Quay (2nd ed.). Dunoon. pp. 20–21. https://books.google.com/books?id=AR5bAAAAcAAJ&dq=dunoon+castle&pg=PA21. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
- ↑ HMC 4th Report: Duke of Argyll (London, 1874), p. 477.
- ↑ Colegate. Colegate's Guide. p. 21.
- ↑ Colegate. Colegate's Guide. p. 22.
- ↑ Joseph Bain, Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 190, 193.
- ↑ Colegate. Colegate Guides. pp. 21–22.
- ↑ Colegate. Colegate's Guide. pp. 22–23.
- ↑ CANMORE (RCAHMS) record of Clyde Defences, Dunoon, Castle Gardens, Dunoon Battery